Table 4.
Verbal and Non-verbal Communication Events Based on Direction of Communication, Team Member Involved and Communication-pair
| Verbal Communication events |
Non-Verbal Communication events |
Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Communication direction | |||
| PM to MD | 244 (16%) | 15 (4%) | 259 (14%) |
| PM to Patient | 176 (11%) | 137 (41%) | 313 (17%) |
| MD to all | 76 (5%) | 4 (1%) | 80 (4%) |
| MD to PM | 290 (19%) | 6 (2%) | 296 (16%) |
| MD to Nurse | 29 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 29 (2%) |
| MD to Patient | 345 (22%) | 2 (1%) | 347 (18%) |
| Nurse to PM | 20 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 20 (1%) |
| Nurse to MD | 44 (3%) | 1 (0%) | 45 (2%) |
| Patient to PM | 115 (7%) | 70 (21%) | 185 (10%) |
| Patient to MD | 221 (14%) | 101 (30%) | 322 (17%) |
| Total | 1560 (100%) | 337 (100%) | 1897 (100%) |
| Team member involved in communication | |||
| PM involved | 921 (28%) | 232 (34%) | 1153 (29%) |
| MD involved | 1249 (38%) | 129 (19%) | 1378 (35%) |
| Nurse involved | 169 (5%) | 5 (1%) | 174 (4%) |
| Patient involved | 933 (29%) | 314 (46%) | 1247 (32%) |
| Total | 3272 (100%) | 680 (100%) | 3952 (100%) |
| Communication-pair | |||
| PM-MD | 534 (35%) | 21 (6%) | 555 (29%) |
| PM-Patient | 291 (19%) | 207 (61%) | 498 (26%) |
| PM-Nurse | 20 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 20 (1%) |
| MD- Patient | 566 (36%) | 103 (31%) | 669 (35%) |
| MD-Nurse | 73 (5%) | 1 (0%) | 74 (4%) |
| Nurse- Patient | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| MD-all | 76 (5%) | 4 (1%) | 80 (4%) |
PM= paramedic and MD= neurologist