Table 1.
Demographics and payer typesa
| Patients with SCD with recurrent VOCs (N = 3420) |
Matched controls (N = 16,722) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) [range] | 19.1 (12.8) [2–67] | 19.1 (14.2) [0–87] |
| Age category (years), n (%) | ||
| 0 to 11 | 1065 (31.1) | 5538 (33.1) |
| 12 to 35 | 1963 (57.4) | 9224 (55.2) |
| ≥ 36 | 392 (11.5) | 1960 (11.7) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||
| Female | 1764 (51.6) | 8814 (52.7) |
| Male | 1656 (48.4) | 7908 (47.3) |
| Race, n (%)b,c | ||
| Black | 1991 (72.7) | 4632 (34.8) |
| Other/unknown | 693 (25.3) | 1102 (8.3) |
| White | 27 (1.0) | 6426 (48.3) |
| Hispanic | 22 (0.8) | 899 (6.8) |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 (0.1) | 135 (1.0) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 2 (0.1) | 115 (0.9) |
| US geographic region, n (%)d | ||
| South | 401 (58.7) | 2002 (58.7) |
| North Central/unknown | 121 (17.7) | 607 (17.8) |
| Northeast | 119 (17.4) | 594 (17.4) |
| West | 42 (6.1) | 210 (6.2) |
| Payer, n (%) | ||
| Medicaid | 2737 (80.0) | 13,309 (79.6) |
| Commercial | 679 (19.9) | 3393 (20.3) |
| Medicare | 4 (0.1) | 20 (0.1) |
| Insurance plan type, n (%) | ||
| Comprehensive/indemnity | 1346 (39.4) | 7223 (43.2) |
| HMO | 907 (26.5) | 6030 (36.1) |
| POS/POS with capitation | 721 (21.1) | 924 (5.5) |
| EPO/PPO | 379 (11.1) | 2067 (12.4) |
| CDHP/HDHP | 44 (1.3) | 368 (2.2) |
| Other/unknown | 23 (0.7) | 110 (0.7) |
| Years of follow-up, mean (SD) | 4.2 (2.2) | 3.9 (2.0) |
CDHP consumer-driven health plan; EPO exclusive provider organization; HDHP high deductible health plan; HMO health maintenance organization; POS point of service; PPO preferred provider organization; SCD sickle cell disease; SD standard deviation; VOC vaso-occlusive crisis
aData were assessed on the index date
bRace data were available only for individuals in the Medicaid Database
cRace was not a matching criterion between groups
dGeographic data were available only for individuals in the Commercial and Medicare Databases