Table 1.
Demographics and criminal-legal involvementa for adults (18+) by serious psychological distressb status, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015–2019
| Serious Psychological Distress | ||
|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Yes | No | |
|
| ||
| Sample Size (N) | 33,487 | 181,018 |
|
| ||
| % | % | |
| Criminal-legal Involvement | ||
| Yes | 23.8*** | 15.9 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 69.1*** | 65.2 |
| Black | 11.0*** | 12.3 |
| Latino | 15.8* | 16.6 |
| Asian | 4.1*** | 6.0 |
| Age | ||
| 18–25 | 29.0*** | 12.0 |
| 26–35 | 22.6*** | 15.1 |
| 36–49 | 24.1 | 24.7 |
| 50–64 | 17.4*** | 26.3 |
| 65+ | 6.9*** | 21.9 |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 61.9*** | 50.5 |
| Married | ||
| Yes | 30.8*** | 54.4 |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school | 13.3 | 12.6 |
| High school graduate | 25.4 | 24.8 |
| Some college | 37.3*** | 30.0 |
| College graduate | 24.0*** | 32.6 |
| Federal poverty level (FPL) | ||
| >100% FPL | 24.8*** | 14.5 |
| 100–124% FPL | 6.4*** | 4.8 |
| 125–199% FPL | 17.3*** | 14.5 |
| 200–399% FPL | 20.89*** | 22.1 |
| ≥400% FPL | 30.6*** | 44.1 |
| Insurance | ||
| Private | 50.5*** | 53.8 |
| Medicaid | 20.7*** | 10.3 |
| Medicare | 13.2*** | 24.1 |
| Other Insurance | 2.5** | 2.1 |
| None | 13.1*** | 9.7 |
| Self-rated health | ||
| Excellent | 12.1*** | 22.2 |
| Very good | 31.1*** | 36.4 |
| Good | 31.7*** | 29.0 |
| Fair | 18.7*** | 10.3 |
| Poor | 6.4*** | 2.2 |
| Any substance use disorder | ||
| Yes | 11.40*** | 1.8 |
| Year | ||
| 2015 | 18.3 | 19.9 |
| 2016 | 18.9 | 19.9 |
| 2017 | 19.9 | 20.1 |
| 2018 | 20.5 | 20.1 |
| 2019 | 22.4 | 20.0 |
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
***
p<0.001
a.
Criminal-legal involvement: a lifetime arrest or conviction of a crime, past-year probation or parole, supervised release, or other conditional release from prison in the past year
b.
Serious psychological distress: Kessler-6 (K6) scale scores ≥ 13