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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2023 Jan 14;24(7):1181–1192. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.01.006

Figure 2. Percent difference in forearm pressure pain threshold (PPTh) and tolerance (PPTol) when listening to favorite music and relaxing music (Unwind) compared to white noise.

Figure 2.

Participants reported a greater increase in PPTh and PPTol during the favorite music condition compared to white noise (PPTh mean change: 16% ± 23%; PPTol mean change: 14% ± 19%), indicating a decrease in pain sensitivity. Participants reported little change in PPTh during the Unwind condition compared to white noise (PPTh mean change: −2% ± 19%; PPTol mean change: −2% ± 16%). Percent difference in PPTh during favorite music compared to white noise was calculated using the formula ((favorite music-white noise)/white noise)*100. Percent difference in PPTh during the Unwind compared to white noise was calculated using the formula ((Unwind-white noise)/white noise)*100.