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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2023 Feb 10;24(7):1193–1202. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.02.001

Table 2.

Sociodemographic characteristics of the total sample.

Variable Number
in sample
% 95% CI
PCE Category
  0-2 PCEs 3498 10.1 (9.4-10.9)
  3-4 PCEs 12883 30.4 (29.5-31.4)
  5-7 PCEs 31133 59.4 (58.4-60.5)
Chronic pain
  Yes 43172 9.1 (8.5-9.8)
  No 4342 90.9 (90.2-91.5)
Age category
  6-11 years 20339 49.4 (48.3-50.4)
  12-17 years 27175 50.6 (49.6-51.7)
Biological sex of child
  Male 24569 50.7 (49.7-51.7)
  Female 22945 49.3 (48.3-50.3)
Race and ethnicity
  White, non-Hispanic 32466 51.2 (50.2-52.3)
  Black, non-Hispanic 3072 13 (12.3-13.7)
  Hispanic 5906 25.1 (24.0-26.3)
  Other/Multi-racial, non-Hispanic 6070 10.7 (10.2-11.3)
Household income based on federal poverty level status
  0-99% FPL 5306 16.8 (15.9-17.7)
  100%-199% FPL 7755 21.7 (20.8-22.7)
  200%-399% FPL 14787 29.8 (28.9-30.8)
  400% FPL or greater 19666 31.7 (30.8-32.6)
Child insurance status
  Private 35787 64.7 (63.6-65.8)
  Public only 9436 28.3 (27.3-29.3)
  Uninsured 2291 7 (6.4-7.6)
Family structure
  Two parent household 35678 72.2 (71.2-73.1)
  Single parent household 9966 22.7 (21.8-23.5)
  Other 1870 5.2 (4.7-5.7)
Primary Household Language
  English 44396 86.3 (85.3-87.3)
  Non-English 2937 13.7 (12.7-14.7)
Parent education
  Less than high school 1189 9.7 (8.7-10.7)
  High School and some college/associates degree 17308 40.4 (39.4-41.4)
  College degree or higher 29017 50 (48.9-51.0)
Census region
  Northeast 7999 15.4 (14.8-16.1)
  Midwest 11070 21.3 (20.7-22.0)
  South 14862 38.5 (37.5-39.5)
  West 13583 24.8 (23.7-25.8)