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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2023 Feb 10;24(7):1193–1202. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.02.001

Table 4.

Prevalence of chronic pain by PCE scores for each of 3 adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) exposure levels.

ACEs category Weighted % 95% CI aOR* 95% CI p-value
0 ACEs reported
 0-2PCEs 9.9 (6.5-14.7) 0.0001 ref
 3-4PCEs 7.7 (6.2-9.8) 0.77 (0.46-1.28) 0.309
 5-7PCEs 4.8 (4.3-5.5) 0.44 (0.26-0.73) 0.001
1 ACE reported
 0-2PCEs 10.4 (7.4-14.3) 0.0033 Ref
 3-4PCEs 12.4 (10.0-15.3) 1.28 (0.74-1.95) 0.438
 5-7PCEs 7.9 (6.6-9.4) 0.68 (0.44-1.06) 0.090
2 or more ACEs reported
 0-2PCEs 22.2 (18.2-26.7) 0.006 ref
 3-4PCEs 15.7 (13.0-18.9) 0.67 (0.47-0.95) 0.026
 5-7PCFs 14.3 (11.9-17.0) 0.64 (0.45-0.89) 0.009
*

Odds ratios adjusted for child age- child biological sex- child race & ethnicity- family income level- child insurance status- family structure- primary household language- parent education- geographical region