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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Surg Oncol. 2023 Apr 10;128(2):375–384. doi: 10.1002/jso.27274

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy by operative approach

Total RARP ORP
N 354,752 297,676 (83.9%) 57,076 (16.1%)
Parameter % % % P Value
Surgical Approach <0.001
Robotic 295,369 100 0
Robotic Converted 2,307 100 0
Open 57,076 0 100
Rurality <0.001
Metropolitan 288,300 84.3 15.7
Nonmetropolitan 44,693 81.3 18.7
Rural 6,028 78.7 21.3
Missing 15,731 85.7 14.3
Travel Distance (miles) <0.001
<40 243,577 83.3 16.7
≥40 70,423 84.9 15.1
Missing 40,752 85.6 14.4
Year of Diagnosis <0.001
2010 51,682 75.6 24.4
2011 54,180 80.3 19.7
2012 42,694 82.8 17.2
2013 41,116 83.6 16.4
2014 38,648 85.5 14.5
2015 40,823 87.2 12.8
2016 41,723 88.7 11.3
2017 43,886 90.7 9.3
Age at Diagnosis <0.001
≤55 71,284 84.8 15.2
56 to 60 79,158 84.4 15.6
61 to 65 92,681 84.1 15.9
66 to 70 75,582 84.0 16.0
>70 36,047 80.3 19.7
Race and Ethnicity <0.001
Non-Hispanic White 271,448 84.0 16.0
Non-Hispanic Black 44,994 82.8 17.2
Hispanic 14,037 81.3 18.7
Asian 6,596 87.7 12.3
Other or Unknown 17,677 85.9 14.1
Insurance Status <0.001
Medicare, Private, or Other 337,678 84.4 15.6
Medicaid or Uninsured 13,604 75.5 24.5
Unknown 3,470 72.7 27.3
Income Quartiles <0.001
1 Lowest 43,775 81.2 18.8
2 61,965 82.1 17.9
3 77,612 82.9 17.1
4 Highest 128,330 85.7 14.3
Missing 43,070 85.6 14.4
Education Quartiles <0.001
1 Lowest 47,299 81.4 18.6
2 70,607 82.7 17.3
3 96,546 83.6 16.4
4 Highest 97,584 85.5 14.5
Missing 42,716 85.6 14.4
Charlson-Deyo Score <0.001
0 288,546 84.1 15.9
1 54,458 83.3 16.7
2 8,613 81.8 18.2
3 or greater 3,135 83.8 16.2
NCCN Risk Stratification <0.001
Very Low or Low 50,955 84.2 15.8
Intermediate 204,931 86.0 14.0
High or Very High 90,983 79.8 20.2
Missing 7,883 75.9 24.1
Pathological Stage <0.001
I 12,097 72.1 27.9
II 200,219 83.4 16.6
III 83,155 84.8 15.2
Missing 59,281 86.8 13.2
Gleason Score  <0.001
6 81,460 80.1 19.9
7 (3+4) 167,808 85.5 14.5
7 (4+3) 63,864 85.8 14.2
8 17,128 83.5 16.5
9 or 10 21,134 82.2 17.8
Program Type <0.001
Nonacademic 208,727 83.3 16.7
Academic 146,025 84.8 15.2
Hospital Annual Surgical Volume Quartiles <0.001
<8 4,170 40.2 59.8
8 to <22 25,996 67.7 32.3
22 to <58 83,503 81.0 19.0
≥58 241,083 87.4 12.6

RARP, Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

ORP, Open Radical Prostatectomy