Table 5.

Summary of findings for high intensity care utilization outcomes

		Depression	Anxiety	Schizophrenia	Bipolar Disorder	PTSD	Aggregated psychiatric illness
Blood transfusion	↑
	⇔			no difference63	no difference54		no difference55
	↓	aOR =0.8253		aOR=0.7264
Surgery	↑
	⇔
	↓	aOR=0.8253		aOR=0.7164;aOR=0.7363	aOR=0.8654		aOR=0.8355
Imagining	↑
	⇔
	↓	aOR=0.6953		OR=[0.37–0.80]57,63,64	aOR=0.7754		aOR=0.8855
Artificial nutrition	↑	aOR=1.3753		OR = 1.4157	aOR=1.3154
	⇔		no difference88	no difference64		no difference51
	↓			aOR = 0.6263
Mechanical ventilation	↑			OR = 1.1557
	⇔	no difference53	no difference88	no difference63,64	no difference54		no difference55
	↓
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation	↑			OR = 1.3457
	⇔	no difference53	no difference88	no difference64	no difference54
	↓
Chemotherapy	↑	70	OR= 1.4261
	⇔	no difference61,65,70	no difference 70
	↓	aOR=0.7053		OR=[0.53–0.60]57,63,64; 56	aOR=0.7854		aOR=0.7055
Odds or frequency of ED or ICU use	↑		aOR=1.2658;OR=1.4061	HR=1.2062; OR = 1.2157	aOR=1.1258	RR=1.1051	OR=1.6459; RR=1.3859
	⇔	no difference53,58	no difference 88	no difference 58,63,64	no difference 54
	↓	aOR=0.9053		aOR=0.7865			OR=[0.41–0.85]55,59
Odds or frequency of other acute or inpatient care	↑		OR = 1.8561	aOR=1.4163		RR=1.0951
	⇔	no difference 61
	↓	aOR=0.9053		HR=0.3062; aRR=0.7352; aOR=0.7364; RR=0.7360; aOR=0.7465; aRR=0.7952	aOR=0.7954		OR=0.5959
Length of acute or inpatient care, including ED or ICU	↑	β=1.2453 ; 76		22%63; 20%64 longer	22% longer54
	⇔			no difference 57		no difference51
	↓			aRR=0.8052; RR=0.7960			RR=0.8859
In-hospital death, including death in ED or ICU	↑
	⇔			no difference 56	no difference 54
	↓	aOR=0.8153		OR=[0.65–0.75]63–65; 60			OR =0.6759