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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Pediatr. 2023 Mar 28;35(4):408–414. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001249

Table 2 –

Behavioral Risk Reduction Strategies for Providers to Recommend to Youth

  • Don’t use alone
    • Take turns using so someone could give naloxone in the event of an overdose
    • Have a friend call or text you every 3-5 minutes or call the Never Use Alone line at 800-484-3731 if you are alone
  • Don’t mix substances, especially things that can make you sleepy such as alcohol or benzodiazepines

  • Try a little bit of a new purchase to check how strong it is before you take your normal amount

  • Consider using take-home test strips to test for the presence of fentanyl in pills, heroin, cocaine, or other drugs before you try them

  • Have overdose reversal medication (naloxone) on hand, and make sure those around you know how to use it

  • Call emergency services (e.g., 911) in the event of an overdose, including if naloxone is given
    • Counsel youth on the presence of so-called “Good Samaritan Laws” in some jurisdictions, which allow individuals to call emergency services in the event of an overdose and not be charged with drug possession
    • Explain that given the short action of duration of naloxone, an overdose can recur 30-90 minutes when naloxone wears off; thus, calling emergency services is critical even after naloxone is given
  • Use safe syringe access and medically supervised drug-use facilities if available