Table 3.

Associations between plasma biomarkers and myocardial infarction using conditional logistic regression with the imputed dataset, restricted to matched cases and controls whose viral load was <400 copies/mL (<2.60 log₁₀ copies/mL) at the visit on which samples were collected (N=154)

Biomarker	OR (95% CI)	P value	Model 1: Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and sex AOR (95% CI)	P value	Model 2: Adjusted for ASCVD score AOR (95% CI)	P value	Model 3: Adjusted for VACS score AOR (95% CI)	P value
Log10 viral load a	0.33 (0.10–1.06)	0.06	0.47 (0.13–1.66)	0.24	0.49 (0.13–1.86)	0.29	0.31 (0.10–1.02)	0.05
Log10 peak viral load	1.64 (1.10–2.46)	0.02	1.57 (0.97–2.57)	0.07	1.50 (0.96–2.34)	0.07	1.61 (1.07–2.43)	0.02
CD4 count, per 100 cells	0.93 (0.65–1.32)	0.68	0.99 (0.63–1.55)	0.96	1.17 (0.75–1.81)	0.49	1.12 (0.73–1.71)	0.61
Nadir CD4 count, per 100 cells	0.64 (0.41–1.00)	0.05	0.64 (0.38–1.07)	0.09	0.79 (0.46–1.34)	0.38	0.68 (0.43–1.08)	0.10
Angiopoietin-1 b	1.16 (0.82–1.63)	0.40	1.04 (0.66–1.62)	0.88	1.18 (0.77–1.82)	0.45	1.22 (0.86–1.74)	0.26
Angiopoietin-2 b	1.42 (0.98–2.07)	0.07	1.21 (0.79–1.84)	0.38	1.46 (0.95–2.23)	0.08	1.34 (0.90–1.99)	0.16
C-reactive protein b	1.51 (1.05–2.16)	0.03	1.42 (0.92–2.20)	0.11	1.43 (0.93–2.21)	0.11	1.48 (1.02–2.13)	0.04
Interleukin-6 b	2.04 (1.31–3.17)	0.002	1.50 (0.92–2.47)	0.11	1.73 (1.11–2.71)	0.02	1.97 (1.25–3.10)	0.003
Plasma activation inhibitor-1 b	1.15 (0.81–1.62)	0.44	1.00 (0.62–1.62)	0.99	1.13 (0.74–1.74)	0.57	1.24 (0.86–1.79)	0.25
P-selectin b	1.24 (0.87–1.76)	0.24	1.06 (0.67–1.68)	0.81	0.96 (0.63–1.48)	0.86	1.22 (0.85–1.75)	0.27
Soluble ICAM-1 b	1.16 (0.79–1.69)	0.44	0.96 (0.59–1.57)	0.88	1.18 (0.71–1.96)	0.52	1.09 (0.74–1.61)	0.66
Soluble VCAM-1 b	1.27 (0.86–1.88)	0.23	0.92 (0.57–1.51)	0.75	1.23 (0.76–2.00)	0.41	1.13 (0.73–1.77)	0.58
Serum amyloid A b	1.36 (0.95–1.95)	0.09	1.34 (0.88–2.06)	0.17	1.35 (0.89–2.07)	0.16	1.34 (0.93–1.93)	0.12
Soluble CD14 b	1.34 (0.88–2.04)	0.18	1.03 (0.64–1.67)	0.89	1.12 (0.66–1.90)	0.68	1.22 (0.77–1.95)	0.40
Apolipoprotein 1 b	1.29 (0.87–1.93)	0.21	1.30 (0.82–2.06)	0.26	1.03 (0.65–1.62)	0.92	1.25 (0.83–1.88)	0.28
ADAMTS-13 b	0.88 (0.60–1.28)	0.50	1.04 (0.66–1.64)	0.87	0.90 (0.57–1.40)	0.63	0.87 (0.60–1.27)	0.47
Von Willebrand factor b	1.07 (0.76–1.51)	0.68	1.17 (0.77–1.76)	0.46	0.88 (0.59–1.31)	0.52	1.01 (0.71–1.44)	0.97

ADAMTS-13 = a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13, AOR = adjusted odds ratio, ASCVD = Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, CD4 = cluster of differentiation 4, CI = confidence interval, ICAM-1 = intercellular adhesion molecule 1, OR = odds ratio, VACS = Veterans Aging Cohort Study, VCAM-1 = vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

^aPlasma viral load ranged from <20 copies/mL to 387 copies/mL in this restricted sample. Of note, some assays used during the study period had a lower limit of detection of 400 copies/mL.

^bAll plasma biomarkers were log2-transformed and standard deviation scaled.