Figure 4:

Linear mixed effects model of HC z-score versus age shows relationships between epilepsy severity groups and HC z-score and growth. Those with TSC and high epilepsy severity had larger HCs early in life but did not have a significant increase in z-score with age. Those with TSC and moderate epilepsy severity also had larger HCs than the low severity and no epilepsy groups at 1 year of age. The no epilepsy, low, and moderate epilepsy severity groups experienced a higher rate of growth (increasing z-score) when compared to the normal reference population.