Table 1.
Differences in Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Among the Co-Occurring Morning and Evening Fatigue Profiles
| Characteristic | Both Low (0) 313 (23.5%) |
Low AM + Moderate PM (1) 348 (26.1%) |
Both Moderate (2) 518 (38.8%) |
Both High (3) 155 (11.6%) |
Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 60.4 (12.3) | 58.3 (11.8) | 55.0 (12.5) | 55.1 (11.4) |
F=15.33, p<.001 0 and 1 > 2 and 3 |
| Education (years) | 16.0 (3.3) | 16.6 (2.9) | 16.1 (2.9) | 15.9 (3.1) |
F=3.19, p=.023 No significant pw contrasts |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.9 (5.2) | 25.7 (5.1) | 26.4 (5.8) | 27.3 (6.9) |
F=3.13, p=.025 1 < 3 |
| Karnofsky Performance Status score | 85.6 (11.4) | 83.1 (11.3) | 77.1 (11.7) | 71.0 (12.2) |
F=71.47, p<.001 0 < 1 < 2 < 3 |
| Number of comorbidities | 2.3 (1.4) | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.5 (1.4) | 2.9 (1.7) |
F=13.10, p<.001 0 < 3, 1 < 2 and 3 |
| SCQ score | 4.8 (2.8) | 4.8 (2.6) | 5.8 (3.2) | 7.1 (4.2) |
F= 26.33, p<.001 0 and 1 < 2 and 3 |
| AUDIT score | 2.8 (2.2) | 3.2 (2.4) | 2.9 (2.6) | 3.0 (3.0) | F=1.21, p=.305 |
| Time since cancer diagnosis (years) | 2.0 (4.1) | 1.9 (3.8) | 2.1 (4.1) | 1.7 (2.9) | KW, p=.076 |
| Time since cancer diagnosis (median) | .46 | .39 | .43 | .45 | |
| Number of prior cancer treatments | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.5) | F=2.39, p=.067 |
| Number of metastatic sites including lymph node involvement | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.3) | 1.3 (1.2) | F=.91, p=.433 |
| Number of metastatic sites excluding lymph node involvement | 0.9 (1.0) | 0.7 (1.0) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.1) | F=.83, p=.478 |
| MAX2 score | 0.16 (0.08) | 0.18 (0.08) | 0.18 (0.08) | 0.18 (0.08) |
F=4.41, p=.004 0 < 2 and 3 |
| Hemoglobin (gm/dL) | 11.6 (1.4) | 11.6 (1.5) | 11.5 (1.4) | 11.4 (1.5) | F=1.01, p=.387 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 34.8 (4.1) | 34.7 (4.3) | 34.4 (4.1) | 34.2 (4.2) | F=.951, p=.415 |
| % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | ||
| Gender Femalea Male |
69.0 (216) 31.0 (97) |
76.1 (264) 23.9 (83) |
82.4 (427) 17.6 (91) |
85.2 (132) 14.8 (23) |
X2=26.00, p<.001 0 < 2 and 3 |
| Race or Ethnicity White Black Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic Mixed or Other |
59.9 (185) 11.3 (35) 16.8 (52) 12.0 (37) |
79.9 (275) 5.8 (20) 9.0 (31) 5.2 (18) |
67.5 (345) 6.3 (20) 14.1 (72) 12.1 (62) |
72.5 (111) 5.2 (8) 6.5 (10) 15.7 (24) |
X2=47.6, p<.001 0 < 1; 1 > 2 NS 0 > 1 and 3 0 > 1; 1 < 2 and 3 |
| Married or partnered (% yes) | 68.9 (213) | 72.3 (248) | 59.0 (301) | 55.6 (85) |
X2=23.78, p<.001 0 and 1 > 2 and 3 |
| Lives alone (% yes) | 16.5 (51) | 17.4 (60) | 24.0 (122) | 32.5 (50) |
X2=20.74, p<.001 0 and 1 < 3 |
| Child care responsibilities (% yes) | 15.6 (48) | 22.1 (75) | 25.1 (127) | 26.3 (40) |
X2=11.75, p=.008 0 < 2 |
| Care of adult responsibilities (% yes) | 7.7 (22) | 6.0 (19) | 9.3 (43) | 8.5 (12) | X2=2.88, p=.411 |
| Currently employed (% yes) | 37.3 (115) | 39.4 (135) | 33.8 (174) | 26.0 (40) | X2=9.42, p=.024 1 > 3 |
| Income < $30,000+ $30,000 to <$70,000 $70,000 to < $100,000 ≥ $100,000 |
18.0 (48) 24.3 (65) 16.9 (45) 40.8 (109) |
6.8 (21) 18.3 (57) 18.0 (56) 56.9 (177) |
21.2 (100) 21.7 (102) 17.0 (80) 40.1 (189) |
34.5 (50) 19.3 (28) 14.5 (21) 31.7 (46) |
KW, p<.001 0, 1 and 2 < 3 1 < 3 0 > 1 |
| Specific comorbidities (% yes) | |||||
| Heart disease | 7.0 (22) | 3.7 (13) | 6.2 (32) | 5.2 (8) | X2=3.86, p=.276 |
| High blood pressure | 35.1 (110) | 29.3 (102) | 28.8 (149) | 26.5 (41) | X2=5.30, p=.151 |
| Lung disease | 10.9 (34) | 8.0 (28) | 12.0 (62) | 17.4 (27) |
X2=9.74, p=.021 1 < 3 |
| Diabetes | 8.3 (26) | 7.5 (26) | 9.3 (48) | 12.9 (20) | X2=4.11, p=.250 |
| Ulcer or stomach disease | 4.2 (13) | 4.3 (15) | 5.4 (28) | 5.8 (9) | X2=1.20, p=.754 |
| Kidney disease | 1.3 (4) | 1.4 (5) | 1.2 (6) | 2.6 (4) | X2=1.79, p=.618 |
| Liver disease | 6.7 (21) | 6.9 (24) | 6.4 (33) | 5.2 (8) | X2=.582, p=.901 |
| Anemia or blood disease | 9.3 (29) | 12.1 (42) | 12.5 (65) | 18.1 (28) | X2=7.50, p=.058 |
| Depression | 7.7 (24) | 9.8 (34) | 24.9 (129) | 45.2 (70) |
X2=124.65, p<.001 0 and 1 < 2 and 3; 2 < 3 |
| Osteoarthritis | 12.1 (38) | 11.2 (39) | 11.4 (59) | 15.5 (24) | X2=2.18, p=.536 |
| Back pain | 22.7 (71) | 18.1 (63) | 29.3 (152) | 36.8 (57) |
X2=25.56, p<.001 0 < 3;1 < 2 and 3 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 2.6 (8) | 2.9 (10) | 2.5 (13) | 6.5 (10) | X2=6.82, p=.078 |
| Exercise on a regular basis (% yes) | 74.4 (230) | 78.2 (266) | 68.6 (349) | 53.4 (78) |
X2=33.60, p<.001 0, 1, and 2 > 3; 1 > 2 |
| Smoking, current or history of (% yes) | 29.6 (91) | 36.9 (127) | 36.1 (183) | 40.3 (62) | X2=6.50, p=.090 |
| Cancer diagnosis Breast Gastrointestinal Gynecological Lung |
31.6 (99) 42.2 (132) 14.7 (46) 11.5 (36) |
43.7 (152) 28.4 (99) 18.1 (63) 9.8 (34) |
42.9 (222) 25.7 (133) 18.7 (97) 12.7 (66) |
42.6 (66) 26.5 (41) 17.4 (27) 13.5 (21) |
X2= 31.13, p<.001 0 < 1 and 2 0 > 1, 2, and 3 NS NS |
| Type of prior cancer treatment No prior treatment Only surgery, or CTX, or RT Surgery & CTX, or Surgery & RT, or CTX & RT Surgery & CTX & RT |
31.0 (94) 34.3 (104) 24.8 (75) 9.9 (30) |
27.0 (92) 44.3 (151) 15.5 (53) 13.2 (45) |
22.2 (112) 44.0 (222) 20.0 (101) 13.7 (69) |
17.2 (26) 45.7 (69) 19.2 (29) 17.9 (27) |
X2= 27.83, p<.001 0 > 2 and 3 NS 0 > 1 NS |
| CTX cycle length 14 days 21 days 28 days |
47.3 (148) 45.4 (142) 7.3 (23) |
39.4 (136) 53.6 (185) 7.0 (24) |
41.5 (212) 50.5 (258) 8.0 (41) |
38.6 (59) 56.2 (86) 5.2 (8) |
X2= 7.61, p=.263 |
| Emetogenicity of CTX Minimal/low Moderate High |
18.5 (58) 64.2 (201) 17.3 (54) |
20.2 (70) 62.7 (217) 17.1 (59) |
20.7 (106) 56.9 (291) 22.3 (114) |
15.7 (24) 64.1 (98) 20.3 (31) |
X2= 8.09, p=.232 |
| Antiemetic regimens None Steroid alone or serotonin receptor antagonist alone Serotonin receptor antagonist and steroid NK-1 receptor antagonist and two other antiemetics |
6.5 (20) 20.8 (64) 52.4 (161) 20.2 (62) |
7.4 (25) 21.2 (72) 49.3 (167) 22.1 (75) |
8.2 (41) 19.7 (98) 45.1 (224) 27.0 (134) |
4.0 (6) 20.8 (31) 42.3 (63) 32.9 (49) |
X2= 15.09, p=.089 |
Note. Profile labels: AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, CTX = chemotherapy, gm/dL = grams per deciliter, kg = kilograms, KW = Kruskal Wallis; m2 = meter squared, NK-1 = neurokinin 1, NS = not significant, pw = pairwise, RT = radiation therapy, SCQ = Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire, SD = standard deviation.
Both Low = Low AM + Low PM, Both Moderate = Moderate AM + Moderate PM, Both High = High AM + High PM
a
Reference group for the post hoc comparisons