Skip to main content
. 2023 Jul 9;13:11103. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37837-z

Table 3.

Anatomical characteristics of P. chrysogenum fungal culture filtrate (FCFP) against M. javanica and F. solani on okra root, stem and leaf under greenhouse conditions.

Treatment Root anatomical Stem anatomical Leaves anatomical
Ø of root (µm) Ø of V.C (µm) Xylem arm length (µm) Ø of stem (µm) Ø of V.C (µm) V.B. thickness (µm) Palsied tissue thickness (µm) spongy tissue thickness (µm) V.B. thickness (µm)
T1 2951.79c 1621.39c 801.67bc 4317.11c 3073.24d 445.48c 143.51d 133.29c 193.14d
T5 2790.21d 1558.87d 741.27c 3807.31e 2807.99f 284.23e 141.79d 127.85c 170.67f
T6 3112.5b 1674.43b 804.16c 4325.69c 3211.79c 486.01b 167.08c 145.71b 205.11c
T7 3116.71b 1702.66b 837.38b 4474.02b 3346.29b 489.67a 193.41b 163.26a 224.96b
T13 2920.22c 1620.12c 773.48bc 3968.18d 2917.05c 334.07d 142.64d 128.53c 185.81e
T14 3400.54a 2163.78a 1276.26a 4625.94a 3532.19a 510.81a 201.89a 169.79a 271.79a
L.S.D. 5% 45.66 43.90 79.73 51.03 37.47 11.20 7.60 11.87 6.46

Where: T1 = [Nematode infection (M. javanica)]; T5 = [Nematode infection (M. javanica) + Fungus infection (F. solani)]; T6 = [Nematode infection (M. javanica) + Fungus infection (F. solani) + Overflowed with fungal culture filtrate (P. chrysogenum)]; T7 = [Nematode infection (M. javanica) + Fungus infection (F. solani) + Overflowed with fungal culture filtrate (Trichoderma spp.)]; T13 = Fungus infection (F. solani); T14 = [Control (untreated)].