Figure 9.

$\beta$-glucan priming increases RMS traction and traction maxima during fMLF stimulation both in-plane and out-of-plane. Mean (and SEM) of in-plane/out-of-plane RMS tractions ($T_{\mathit{RMS}}\Vert$/$T_{\mathit{RMS}}\perp$) and in-plane/out-of-plane traction maxima ($T_{\mathit{Max}}\Vert$/$T_{\mathit{Max}}\perp$) of neutrophils from healthy donors seeded on 1.5 kPa polyacrylamide gels. Cells were allowed to attach and settle and imaged before the addition of $\beta$-glucan or fMLF (“Unstim.”). (a–d) Cells with “No Priming” were treated with 1 μM of fMLF and imaged 5 min and 30 min post-addition, and the traction quantities (a) $T_{\mathit{RMS}}\Vert$, (b) $T_{\mathit{RMS}}\perp$, (c) $T_{\mathit{Max}}\Vert$, and (d) $T_{\mathit{Max}}\perp$ were computed using the finite element method in Abaqus (n = 27). (e–h) Cells with “Priming with $\beta$-glucan” were first primed with 20 μg/mL soluble $\beta$-glucan for 10 min and then treated with 1 μM of fMLF and imaged 5 min and 30 min post-fMLF addition, and the traction quantities (e) $T_{\mathit{RMS}}\Vert$, (f) $T_{\mathit{RMS}}\perp$, (g) $T_{\mathit{Max}}\Vert$, and (h) $T_{\mathit{Max}}\perp$ were computed using the finite element method in Abaqus (n = 68). Analyzed using paired Student’s t-test comparing each 5 min timepoint to the unstimulated timepoint and comparing each 30 min timepoint to the unstimulated timepoint, *p < 0.05.