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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2023 Apr 18;180:1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.04.005

Figure 4. Pixt2+/− mice exhibited increased susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF) by transesophageal atrial burst pacing.

Figure 4.

(A) Representative ECG traces of littermate WT (upper) and Pitx2+/− (lower) mice after an episode of burst pacing protocol in the presence of isoproterenol (1.5 mg/kg, i.p. injection). Pitx2+/− mice exhibit inducible AF followed by spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm. (B) Incidence of inducible AF (+/+ 50.0 % vs. +/− 95.5 %; non-sustained AF + sustained AF). Sustained AF was defined as continuous AF over 300 sec induced by any single pacing train (+/+ 21.4 % vs. +/− 81.8 %, P=0.0005). P values were obtained using Fisher’s exact test. (C) Summary of total AF burden in WT (N=14 mice) and Pitx2 deficiency (N=22 mice). Data are mean ± SD. P values were obtained using the Mann-Whitney test.