(A-B) Representative Western blots and quantification of FKBP5 protein in atrial tissue of paroxysmal AF (pAF, A) and chronic AF (cAF, B) compared with NSR patients. (C) Representative Western blots and quantification of FKBP5 protein in atrial cardiomyocytes (CMs) of cAF patients compared with NSR patients. (D) The schematic diagram showed the development of the FKBP5-cKD and Ctl mice. (E) mRNA levels of Fkbp5 in atria and ventricles of Ctl and cKD mice. (F) Western blots and quantification of FKBP5 protein levels in atria and ventricles of Ctl and cKD mice. p-values were determined using unpaired Student’s t-test in A, B, and C, and Mann-Whitney test in E and F.