Table 5.
Comparison of oncogenic HPV biomarkers in study population (MOUTH) to the general population (NHANES and HPV Cancer Cohort Consortium [HPVC3])
| Prevalence* | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Any oncogenic oral HPV DNA | Oral HPV16 DNA | Any serum oncogenic HPV E6 antibodies a | HPV16 E6 serum antibodies | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| MOUTH N=1105 |
NHANES b N=4,546 |
MOUTH N=1105 |
NHANES b N=4,546 |
MOUTH N=997 |
HPVC3 e N=5794 |
MOUTH N=997 |
HPVC3 e N=5794 |
|
|
| ||||||||
| Overall | 7.3%* | 3.5%* | 1.8%* | 0.9%* | 8.8% | 7.4% | 2.2%* | 0.3%* |
|
| ||||||||
| By Sex | ||||||||
| Men | 8.0%* | 5.8%* | 2.0% | 1.6% | 8.9% | 7.6% | 2.1%* | 0.3%* |
| Women | 1.7% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 0.25% | 7.9% | 6.9% | 3.0%* | 0.4%* |
|
| ||||||||
| By HIV Status | ||||||||
| Living with HIV c | 22.7% | -- | 5.2% | -- | 15.6% | 4.4% | -- | |
| Living without HIV | 5.9%* | 3.4%* | 1.5%* | 0.69%* | 8.2% | 2.0% | -- | |
|
| ||||||||
| By Number of People Performed Oral Sex on in Lifetime | ||||||||
| 0–1 d | 0% | 0.54% | 0% | 0.18% | 5.0% | 5.0% | -- | |
| 2–5 | 5.8%* | 3.9%* | 1.3% | 0.54% | 7.1% | 1.5% | -- | |
| 6–19 | 6.9%* | 3.6%* | 1.6% | 1.1% | 7.7% | 0.9% | -- | |
| ≥20 | 11.3%* | 9.2%* | 3.1% | 3.2% | 13.5% | 4.9% | -- | |
These prevalence estimates were significantly different (P<0.05)
Prevalence more than doubled when antibodies to any oncogenic E6 or E7 were included and was high among both MOUTH (22.9%) and HPVC3 (21.5%) suggesting low specificity when including E7 seropositivity.
weighted NHANES prevalence using 2015–16 NHANES data among 24 to 69 year olds
NHANES had <20 people living with HIV (PLWH) with oral HPV data available, so estimates are not presented in this group since they are underpowered
There were only 20 people in mouth with 0–1 lifetime oral sex partners (1 man and 19 women), as one of the largest eligibility groups was men with at least 2 lifetime oral sexual partners, but men and women with fewer partners could meet other eligibility group criteria to enter. Therefore estimates in this MOUTH category have high uncertainty rates; for example, seroprevalence of HPV16 E6 antibodies in this category is based upon 1 seropositive among 20.
Non-cancer controls in nine cohort studies in the United States, Europe, and Australia with blood samples collected between 1972 and 2009, matched by age, sex, study, and date of blood collection to cases who developed HPV-related cancer in that cohort (see Robbins et al. JCO. 2022). Median age of 57 years (range 18–86), 66% ever smokers.