Structures of aldehyde detox agents used in this work (A). Transfer hydrogenation between 4-HNE (50 μmol, part B) or 4-ONE (50 μmol, part C) and sodium formate (150 μmol) catalyzed by Ir2 (0.5 μmol) in various aqueous media (3 mL). PBS = phosphate-buffered saline, RPMI = Roswell Park Memorial Institute, DMEM = Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium, FBS = fetal bovine serum, PS = penicillin-streptomycin, His = L-histidine, Lys = L-lysine.