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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 15.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell. 2023 May 15;83(12):2045–2058.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.04.022

Figure 7. Atg44 binds to lipid-bilayer membranes and causes membrane fragility.

Figure 7.

(A–C) HS-AFM images of Sp-Atg44 on the mica surface (A), the planar lipid bilayers covering mica (B), or Sp-Atg44 bound to the planar lipid bilayers (C). Inset shows height profile of the red line in each image. Histograms in (A) and (C) show the height distribution of Sp-Atg44 assemblies on the mica surface (n = 64) and membrane-bound Sp-Atg44 assemblies (n = 67), respectively.

(D) Successive HS-AFM images of division and fusion of the fragmented lipid bilayers by Sp-Atg44. Scale bar, 30 nm. See also Video S6.

(E) Schematic model of Atg44-dependent mitochondrial fission during mitophagy.

See also Figure S7.