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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2023 May 22;328:115966. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115966

Figure 2: Number of domains where children are better and worse off than their parents.

Figure 2:

Source: Authors’ calculations using Add Health

Notes: “Better off” is defined as parent-child pairs where the child is either a) strictly better off or b) has the same characteristic that is desirable (e.g., not smoking). “Worse off” includes parent-child pairs where the child is either a) strictly worse off or b) has the same characteristic that is undesirable (e.g., smoking). Marker size indicates the number of parent-child pairs exhibiting the specific numerical combination of better- and worse-off domains. Although religion does not exhibit a natural ordering of “better” versus “worse”, inclusion of this domain or swapping the ordering of better/worse does not materially change results (see Appendix Figure A3). The forty-five degree line (in red) highlights combinations where children are better off in half of the domains and worse off in the other