Table 2.

Mechanical properties and characterization methods for various hydrogels.

Hydrogel	Mechanical characterization method	Properties determined	Reference
Alginate	Compression test	Compressive modulus and strength	[265,266]
Chitosan	Tensile and compression test	Tensile and compressive strength	[267]
Gelatin	Rheological and tensile test	Loss and storage modulus, tensile strength	[268]
Agarose	Rheological, compression and tensile test	Loss and storage modulus, tensile and compressive strength	[269,270]
Collagen	Rheological and tensile test	Loss and storage modulus, tensile strength, ultimate strain, resilience, toughness	[271,272]
Poly(ethylene glycol)	Rheological and confined compression test	Loss and storage modulus, loss tangent, elastic modulus	[273]
Poly(ethylene oxide)	Tensile test	Elastic modulus, tensile strength	[274]
Poly vinyl alcohol	Tensile test	Percentage elongation, elastic modulus, tensile strength, toughness	[275,276]
PCL	Tensile test	Tensile and yield strength, elastic modulus, percentage elongation	[277,278]
Polylactic acid	Tensile, bending, shear and impact test	Yield strength, elastic modulus, percentage elongation, flexural strength and modulus, shear strength, impact strength	[279,280]