. 2022 Oct 28;130(3):369–388. doi: 10.1017/S0007114522003385

Table 2.

Mean serum concentrations of biogenic amines analysed by Di-MS in kittens pre-gonadectomy (week −1) and post-gonadectomy (week 12) after supplementation with additional choline at 300 mg/kg BW^0·75 (CHOLINE, n 8) for 12 weeks compared to a control group (CONTROL, n 7) fed only the base diet (3310 mg choline/kg DM)

			CHOLINE (n 8)		CONTROL (n 7)
	Metabolites (µM)	Week	LSM	sem	LSM	sem	P _Group	P _Time	P _{Group × Time}
Biogenic amines	Acetyl ornithine	–1	5·21^A	0·42	5·49^A	0·45	0·47	0·02	0·89
	Acetyl ornithine	12	3·97^B	0·42	4·37^B	0·45	0·47	0·02	0·89
	Asymmetric dimethylarginine	–1	4·39	0·32	5·07	0·34	0·60	0·83	0·15
	Asymmetric dimethylarginine	12	4·93	0·32	4·66	0·34	0·60	0·83	0·15
	α-Amino adipic acid	–1	1·59	0·009	1·58	0·10	0·51	0·21	0·45
	α-Amino adipic acid	12	1·64	0·009	1·79	0·10	0·51	0·21	0·45
	Carnosine	–1	27·28^A	3·57	27·38^A	3·81	0·29	<0·001	0·28
	Carnosine	12	46·69^B	3·57	41·37^B	3·81	0·29	<0·001	0·28
	Creatinine	–1	115·44^A	11·18	135·77^A	11·99	0·83	0·01	0·21
	Creatinine	12	173·45^B	11·18	157·48^B	11·99	0·83	0·01	0·21
	Kynurenine	–1	12·05	1·13	16·09	1·22	0·05	0·45	0·15
	Kynurenine	12	13·21	1·13	12·59	1·22	0·05	0·45	0·15
	Methionine sulfoxide	–1	7·51^A	0·80	7·58	0·86	0·06	0·31	0·03
	Methionine sulfoxide	12	10·33^Bc	0·80	6·46^d	0·86	0·06	0·31	0·03
	Trans-hydroxyproline	–1	75·16^A	5·61	85·09^A	6·05	0·34	<0·001	0·008
	Trans-hydroxyproline	12	52·27^Bc	5·61	33·33^Bd	6·05	0·34	<0·001	0·008
	Putrescine	–1	1·21	0·12	1·62	0·12	0·08	0·10	0·08
	Putrescine	12	1·26	0·12	1·03	0·12	0·08	0·10	0·08
	Sarcosine	–1	4·73^A	0·59	5·53	0·70	0·08	0·08	0·007
	Sarcosine	12	7·93^Bc	0·59	4·67^d	0·70	0·08	0·08	0·007
	Serotonin	–1	30·95	4·97	41·20	5·32	0·17	0·08	0·44
	Serotonin	12	23·72	4·97	23·72	5·32	0·17	0·08	0·44
	Spermidine	–1	0·30	0·04	0·40	0·05	0·67	0·94	0·11
	Spermidine	12	0·37	0·04	0·32	0·05	0·67	0·94	0·11
	Spermine	–1	0·11	0·009	0·11^A	0·009	0·16	0·43	0·03
	Spermine	12	0·12^c	0·009	0·09^Bd	0·009	0·16	0·43	0·03
	Taurine	–1	129·15	12·65	137·42	13·53	0·58	0·26	0·43
	Taurine	12	123·29	12·65	105·07	13·53	0·58	0·26	0·43
	Trimethylamine-N-oxide	–1	4·91^A	3·45	6·03	1·33	0·04	<0·001	0·002
	Trimethylamine-N-oxide	12	6·86^Ac	3·45	7·81^d	1·33	0·04	<0·001	0·002

LSM, least square means.

Rows or columns with no superscript indicates no significant differences for the measured parameter.

Down a column, different upper-case superscript letters (A, B) denote significant differences (P < 0·05) following a Tukey’s post hoc analysis within group (CHOLINE or CONTROL) over time (week −1 to week 12).

Across a row, different lower-case letters (c, d) denote significant differences (P < 0·05) following a Tukey’s post hoc analysis between groups (CHOLINE and CONTROL) at one time point (week −1 or week 12).