Table 1.
Participant demographic characteristics for Time 1 to Time 4
| Time 1 |
Time 2 |
Time 3 |
Time 4 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mothers | Fathers | Mothers | Fathers | Mothers | Fathers | Mothers | Fathers | |
|
| ||||||||
| Mean age (SD) | 26.04 (5.87) | 28.89 (6.07) | 26.78 (5.76) | 29.47 (6.16) | 27.62 (5.76) | 30.40 (6.24) | 30.44 (5.80) | 33.17 (5.86) |
| Married | 57% | 70.5% | 59.1% | 71.8% | 62.8% | 72.9% | 62.2% | 83.3% |
| Educational level: | ||||||||
| High school diploma or less | 30.3% | 25.3% | 26.9% | 21.8% | 25.6% | 29.2% | 23.5% | 19.2% |
| Some college | 20.9% | 23.3% | 21.5% | 26.8% | 25% | 25.7% | 25.2% | 29.5% |
| Completed 4-year degree | 21.4% | 28.1% | 22.6% | 27.5% | 21.1% | 26.4% | 22.7% | 24.4% |
| Completed more than a 4-year degree | 27.4% | 23.2% | 29.0% | 23.9% | 28.3% | 18.8% | 28.6% | 26.9% |
| Annual income: | ||||||||
| Less than $50 k/year | 57.2% | 46.6% | 55.9% | 45.1% | 52.2% | 43.1% | 47.1% | 29.5% |
| Receiving public assistance | 42.3% | 19.9% | 45.7% | 20.4% | 39.4% | 13.2% | 32.8% | 11.5% |
| Identifies as a racial minority | 51.7% | 47.3% | 51.6% | 44.4% | 53.9% | 46.5% | 53.8% | 42.3% |
| Race: | ||||||||
| White | 50.7% | 55.5% | 51.1% | 58.5% | 48.9% | 56.3% | 50.4% | 61.5% |
| Black or African American | 46.8% | 43.8% | 46.8% | 40.8% | 48.3% | 43.8% | 48.7% | 37.2% |
| Asian | 1% | 0.7% | 1.1% | 0.7% | 1.1% | 0% | 0.8% | 0% |
| Native American or Native | 1% | 0% | 1.1% | 0% | 1.7% | 0% | 0% | 1.3% |
| Alaskan | ||||||||
| Hispanic/Latinxa | 3% | 3.4% | 3.2% | 4.2% | 3.3% | 4.2% | 5% | 5.1% |
| Biraciala | 5.5% | 4.8% | 5.9% | 4.9% | 7.8% | 7.6% | 7.6% | 7.7% |
a
Hispanic/Latinx origin and biracial questions were collected separately from race