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. 2023 Jun 20;14(3):1635–1642. doi: 10.21037/jgo-22-1140

Table 1. Neoadjuvant therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors for MSI-H/dMMR rectal cancer: case reports.

Reference n Stage MMR status Previous treatment Immunotherapy Response Strategy Median follow-up (months)
Zhang J et al. (10), 2019 2 III Loss of MSH2 and MSH6 (n=2) No (n=1); FOLFOXIRI (n=1) Nivolumab (n=2) cCR (n=1);
cCR and pCR (n=1)
Watch and Wait (n=1);
TME (n=1)
12
Demisse R et al. (11), 2020 3 II–III Loss of MSH2 and MSH6 (n=1);
loss PMS2 (n=2)
No (n=2);
FOLFOX followed by CRT with capecitabine (n=1)
Pembrolizumab + FOLFOX (n=1);
pembrolizumab (n=1);
nivolumab + ipilimumab (n=1)
pCR (n=1);
cCR (n=1);
cCR (n=1)
TME (n=1);
Watch and Wait (n=2)
12
Mans L et al. (12), 2020 1 III Loss of MSH2 (n=1) No Nivolumab + ipilimumab and then nivolumab adjuvant (n=1) cCR and pCR (n=1) TME (n=1) 6
Liu DX et al. (13), 2020 4 III dMMR (n=4) No Pembrolizumab + CAPOX (n=1);
pembrolizumab + ipilimumab (n=1);
nivolumab (n=1);
pembrolizumab (n=1)
cPR and pCR (n=1);
cCR (n=1);
cPR and pCR (n=1);
cPR and pCR (n=1)
TME (n=3); Watch and Wait (n=1) NR
Trojan J et al. (14), 2021 1 III Loss of MSH2 and MSH6 (n=1) No Nivolumab + ipilimumab (n=1) cCR and pCR (n=1) TME NR
Wang Q et al. (15), 2021 10 I (n=1);
II (n=3); III (n=6)
dMMR (n=10) No Anti PD-1 (NR) cCR (n=10) Watch and Wait (n=10) 11.6

MSI-H/dMMR, microsatellite instability-high/deficient mismatch repair; MMR, mismatch repair; FOLFOXIRI, fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and irinotecan; cCR, clinical complete response; pCR, pathological complete response; TME, total mesorectal excision; FOLFOX, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and leucovorin; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; CAPOX, capecitabine and oxaliplatin; PD-1, anti-programmed death-1; NR, not reported.