Fig. 2. Coatings were prepared on some substrate materials to form a multifunctional surface. (a) Schematic illustration of the modification layer prepared via CVD copolymerization to produce 10 : 1 NHS ester to maleimide in the side groups, and the layer was modified on a stem cell culture surface. (b) Overview of the study performed. (i) Iron nanoparticles manufactured by laser ablation in an aqueous alginate solution were used to enrich (ii) alginate- and alginate-fibrin-hydrogels. (iii) Hydrogels were characterized for wettability and rheological properties by confocal microscopy and (iv) seeded with endothelial cells with (v) the purpose to coat metallic stent surfaces for better biocompatibility and antithrombotic properties. Fe = iron, NP = nanoparticle, FBS = fetal bovine serum, HUVEC = human umbilical cord endothelial cells. (c) Schematic of the manufacturing procedure to develop the multifunctional composite coatings composed of β-TCP + Ag/SiO2 on the TiO2/NiTi alloy. (i) Preparation of the colloidal suspension. (ii) Passivation of the NiTi. (iii) Coating formation. (d) (i–iii) Chemical structure formulas of DA, DOX, and MPC, respectively. (iv) Mechanism of the antiadhesive and antiproliferative PDA(DOX)-MPC coating-modified IOL. (v) Schematic illustration of the construction of the PDA(DOX)-MPC coating on the IOL surface via DA self-polymerization. These are reprinted with permission from Chen et al. (2018, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces), Richter et al. (2021, Adv. Mater. Interfaces), Dulski et al. (2019, ACS Appl. Bio Mater.), Liu et al. (2021, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.), respectively.
