Fig. 3. Coatings were prepared on some substrate materials to form a multifunctional surface. (a) Schematic of the proposed hydrogel particle coating onto the PDMS via formation of an interpenetrating polymer network. AMP modification step not included. (b) Schematic synthesis of poly(EGPEMA-co-EGPEA-co-EHMA) (PPPE) as Intraocular Lens (IOL) materials via free radical polymerization with dual-side heterogeneous surface modification. (c) (i) Schematic illustration of an IOL with PS-containing coating and the process of PDT. (ii) Schematic of the surface coating structure of the IOL. These are reprinted with permission from Stepulane et al. (2022, ACS Appl. Bio Mater.), Xiang et al. (2021, Biomacromolecules), Tang et al. (2021, J. Mater. Chem. B), respectively.