Fig. 5. Schematic depiction of different self-assembled strategies onto biomaterials surfaces. (a) Schematic of silanization on the Ti surface was used to study fibronectin and cell adsorption. (b) (i) Preparing SAMs with different terminal chemical groups for OPN adsorption and cell adhesion studies: (i-1) chemical groups (–OH, –OEG, –COOH, –NH₂, and –PO₃H₂) were first self-assembled on a gold slide; then (i-2) OPN was adsorbed on the SAMs; and (i-3) MSCs were finally seeded and adhered on these SAMs. (ii) Surface wettability and (iii) surface zeta potential data from the obtained SAMs. The stars in (ii) indicate significant difference (p < 0.05). (c) Schematic of thioctic acid-functionalized dPG and dPGs assembled on gold surfaces was used to study protein adsorption. These are reprinted with permission from Hasan et al. (2018, Langmuir), Chen et al. (2021, RSC Adv.), Stöbener et al. (2018, Langmuir), respectively.