Table 2.
Weighted descriptive statistics of antibiotics for fever/cough from qualified and unqualified sources in 59 LMICs.
| Country | Had fever recently, weighted N (%) | Antibiotic taken for fever, weighted N (%) | Antibiotics prescribed from qualified sources, weighted N (%) | Antibiotics prescribed from unqualified sources, weighted N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 8682 (29.1) | 4040 (47.6) | 2977 (74.1) | 1043 (26.0) |
| Albania | 160.6 (6.4) | 81.1 (50.5) | 68.1 (84.0) | 13.0 (16.1) |
| Angola | 1829 (14.9) | 550.1 (30.1) | 462.9 (84.2) | 87.2 (15.8) |
| Bangladesh | 2697 (37.3) | 187.3 (7.0) | 44.3 (23.7) | 143 (76.3) |
| Benin | 2437 (19.6) | 372.9 (15.3) | 243.7 (65.4) | 129.1 (34.6) |
| Burkina Faso | 2868 (20.8) | 873.5 (30.7) | 781.8 (89.6) | 90.9 (10.4) |
| Burundi | 5033 (39.6) | 1118 (22.2) | 940.8 (84.2) | 177.2 (15.9) |
| Cambodia | 1953 (28.2) | 132.5 (6.8) | 125.5 (94.7) | 7.0 (5.3) |
| Cameroon | 1402 (15.6) | 4.7 (0.3) | 4.0 (86.4) | 0.6 (13.6) |
| Chad | 3949 (24.0) | 845.1 (22.0) | 400.5 (47.9) | 435.6 (52.1) |
| Comoros | 654.8 (22.0) | 170.4 (26.7) | 96.6 (56.7) | 73.8 (43.3) |
| Congo | 1840 (25.2) | 1257 (68.7) | 591.6 (47.1) | 664.1 (52.9) |
| Congo Democratic Republic | 4960 (29.9) | 1480 (30.2) | 681.5 (46.2) | 792.4 (53.8) |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 1584 (24.3) | 439 (28.4) | 249.2 (58.1) | 179.7 (41.9) |
| Dominican Republic | 747.7 (22.6) | 248.9 (33.4) | 195.5 (78.5) | 53.4 (21.5) |
| Egypt | 3870 (26.3) | 2531 (65.5) | 1985 (78.4) | 546.4 (21.6) |
| Eswatini | 676 (29.5) | 111.8 (19.0) | 101.5 (90.8) | 10.3 (9.2) |
| Ethiopia | 1470 (14.4) | 389.1 (26.5) | 304.6 (78.3) | 84.5 (21.7) |
| Gabon | 1120 (25.2) | 564.1 (51.1) | 326.3 (58.1) | 235.2 (41.9) |
| Gambia | 1102 (15.6) | 433.4 (39.4) | 307.8 (71.0) | 125.7 (29.0) |
| Ghana | 740.6 (14.2) | 187.1 (25.3) | 140.3 (75.0) | 46.8 (25.0) |
| Guatemala | 2835 (23.8) | 1077 (38.0) | 805.8 (74.8) | 271.1 (25.2) |
| Guinea | 1209 (17.3) | 232.1 (19.2) | 165 (71.1) | 67.1 (28.9) |
| Guyana | 359.3 (20.5) | 77.6 (22.1) | 61 (78.6) | 16.6 (21.4) |
| Haiti | 1789 (32.0) | 546.2 (30.5) | 405.1 (74.2) | 141.1 (25.8) |
| Honduras | 2235 (23.5) | 1160 (52.1) | 855.3 (73.8) | 303.6 (26.2) |
| India | 28,000 (13.2) | 6858 (24.5) | 5735 (83.6) | 1123 (16.4) |
| Indonesia | 5015 (31.5) | 1427 (28.6) | 1278 (89.6) | 148.7 (10.4) |
| Jordan | 1162 (12.9) | 459.1 (39.5) | 338.5 (73.7) | 120.6 (26.3) |
| Kenya | 4478 (24.9) | 1927 (43.6) | 1523 (79.5) | 391.7 (20.5) |
| Kyrgyz Republic | 203.7 (5.3) | 88 (45.3) | 52.7 (59.8) | 35.4 (40.2) |
| Lesotho | 398.7 (15.6) | 100.6 (25.3) | 74.7 (74.3) | 25.9 (25.7) |
| Madagascar | 1098 (9.4) | 430.1 (40.9) | 274.8 (64.0) | 154.9 (36.0) |
| Malawi | 4703 (29.2) | 1134 (24.1) | 916.8 (99.9) | 0.8 (0.1) |
| Maldives | 655.7 (24.6) | 285.4 (43.5) | 252.6 (88.5) | 32.8 (11.5) |
| Mali | 1507 (16.0) | 254.4 (16.9) | 179.2 (70.5) | 75.2 (29.5) |
| Mauritania | 1810 (16.6) | 111.2 (6.1) | 91.5 (82.3) | 19.7 (17.7) |
| Morocco | 1538 (27.3) | 427 (27.8) | 297.8 (69.8) | 129.2 (30.3) |
| Mozambique | 1439 (13.6) | 109.6 (7.6) | 105.5 (96.3) | 4.1 (3.7) |
| Myanmar | 636.3 (15.9) | 199.7 (31.5) | 149.4 (74.8) | 50.3 (25.2) |
| Namibia | 1026 (26.7) | 460.3 (46.3) | 312.6 (67.9) | 147.7 (32.1) |
| Nepal | 986.5 (21.6) | 345.5 (35.0) | 216.3 (62.6) | 129.3 (37.4) |
| Nigeria | 1739 (14.5) | 73.5 (4.3) | 65.33 (88.8) | 8.2 (11.2) |
| Pakistan | 3614 (37.7) | 1416 (39.2) | 1142 (80.6) | 274.5 (19.4) |
| Papua New Guinea | 1680 (20.1) | 308.9 (19.4) | 277.6 (89.9) | 31.1 (10.1) |
| Philippines | 1592 (16.8) | 352.7 (22.2) | 249.3 (70.7) | 103.5 (29.3) |
| Rwanda | 1472 (18.8) | 583.4 (39.6) | 482.2 (82.7) | 101.2 (17.4) |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 296.7 (17.4) | 135.9 (48.0) | 116.7 (85.9) | 19.2 (14.1) |
| Senegal | 2433 (23.2) | 636.2 (26.2) | 520 (81.7) | 116.2 (18.3) |
| Sierra Leone | 1443 (17.0) | 363.8 (25.2) | 278.5 (76.5) | 85.4 (23.5) |
| South Africa | 618.1 (21.2) | 180.5 (29.2) | 119.5 (66.2) | 61.0 (33.8) |
| Tajikistan | 572.5 (9.3) | 353.6 (61.8) | 196 (55.4) | 157.6 (44.6) |
| Tanzania | 1651 (18.3) | 299.8 (18.2) | 67.1 (22.4) | 232.7 (77.6) |
| Timor-Leste | 905.7 (13.2) | 206.7 (22.8) | 149.3 (72.3) | 57.3 (27.7) |
| Togo | 1345 (22.0) | 413.1 (30.9) | 291.6 (70.7) | 120.6 (29.3) |
| Uganda | 4689 (34.1) | 1360 (29.0) | 1029 (75.6) | 331.2 (24.4) |
| Yemen | 4774 (32.0) | 2290 (49.3) | 1186 (52.1) | 1091 (47.9) |
| Zambia | 1460 (16.2) | 499.1 (34.2) | 460.2 (92.2) | 39 (7.8) |
| Zimbabwe | 789.1 (14.0) | 268.5 (34.0) | 218.5 (81.4) | 50 (18.6) |
Due to missing information about sources of antibiotic consumption, the sum of qualified and unqualified sources does not sum up to 100% in some countries.22