Table 2.

Details of studies for patients with ARDS

Author year	No of patients steroid/control	Main etiology	Initiation timing of steroids after the diagnosis of ARDS	Regimen of steroids	Comparison	Planned primary outcome
Steinberg 2006 [18]	89/91	Pneumonia 42% (76/180) Sepsis 22% (40/180)	7–24 days	Methylprednisolone Loading: 2 mg/kg Day1–14: 0.5 mg 4 times daily Day15–21: 0.5 mg 2 times daily Tapering off over 4 days	Placebo (5% dextrose)	Mortality at day 60
Meduri 2007 [19]	63/28	Pneumonia 42% (38/91) Sepsis 16% (15/91)	Less than 72 h	Methylprednisolone Loading: 1 mg/kg Day1–14: 1 Day15–21: 0.5 Day22–25: 0.25 Day26–28: 0.125 mg/kg/day by continuous infusions	Placebo (0.9% serine)	1-point reduction in lung injury score
Tongyoo 2016 [13]	98/99	Pneumonia 51% (100/197)	Less than 12 h	Hydrocortisone Day1–7: 50 mg 6 times daily	Placebo (Not detail)	No
Tomazini 2020 [4]	151/148	Pneumonia due to COVID-19	Less than 24 h	Dexamethasone Day1–5: 20 Day6–10: 10 mg once daily	No placebo	Ventilator-free days to day 28
Villar 2020 [16]	139/138	Pneumonia 53% (147/277) Sepsis 24% (67/277)	Less than 24 h	Dexamethasone Day1–5: 20 Day6–10: 10 mg once daily	No placebo	Ventilator-free days to day 28
Edalatifard 2020 [21]	34/28	Pneumonia due to COVID-19	24–48 h	Methylprednisolone 250 mg 3 days	No placebo	Radiographic findings Mortality (Not detail of observational period), etc.

ARDS acute respiratory syndrome, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019