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. 2023 Jul 10;21:248. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02944-1

Table 2.

Cost categories for COVID-19 vaccination included in the CVIC tool

Cost category Descriptions
1. Cross-cutting technical assistance for planning, coordination and delivery Technical assistance for planning, coordination, costing, budgeting, financing, regulatory preparedness, identification of target population and prioritization, disease surveillance, service delivery, microplanning, vaccine procurement, cold chain requirements, planning for logistics and infrastructure
2. Vaccine doses and related devices and supplies Vaccine doses
Vaccine-related supplies, such as syringes and safety boxes
3. Vaccinators (healthcare workers) Technical assistance
Healthcare worker training and supervision
Healthcare worker compensation, including supplementary wages, allowances for mobile teams and salaries for additional human resources for health
4. Vaccine delivery Logistics and transportation related to delivery strategies, including outreach and mobile teams such as fuel for distributing vaccines, airfreight, handling costs, clearance and procurement fees
Waste management
Personal protective equipment
Security costs for vaccine transportation and during vaccine administration
5. Cold chain Freezers, refrigerators and cold boxes
Operational expenses to distribute cold-chain equipment, storage and transportation, including staff, infrastructure, energy, tracking and monitoring stock through the vaccine logistics management and information system
6. Data management, monitoring and evaluation and oversight (for both electronic and paper-based data management and monitoring systems) Technical assistance
Operational expenditures
Evaluation including studies related to vaccine introduction, costing, coverage and effectiveness
Oversight and quality assurance
7. Vaccine safety surveillance and injection safety (including reporting of adverse events following immunization, investigation, causality assessment and responses) Technical assistance
Operational expenditures such as for home-based records, registers of vaccinated persons and tally sheets, vaccine logistics management information systems and health information
Systems used to gather, monitor, evaluate, analyse, produce and disseminate information across traditional and non-traditional providers
Compensation schemes for adverse events following immunization
8. Demand generation and communications (risk communication and community engagement) Technical assistance
Operational expenditures to support vaccine uptake and acceptance, including social listening, data collection and analysis, use of local behavioural and social data, social mobilization, crisis communications, operating social listening systems, rumour management, assessing behavioural data, risk communication and community engagement, mass media, and printing posters and banners
9. Protecting essential health services and health systems strengthening Co-delivered activities and interventions that are not specific to COVID-19 vaccination, but are intended to strengthen health systems or protect essential health services, or both