Table 7.
Bivariate analysis taking clinical pharmacists’ competency domains as the dependent variables
| Domain 0 Quality Improvement |
Domain 1 Clinical Knowledge and Skills |
Domain 2 Soft skills |
Domain 3 Ability to Conduct Clinical Research |
Domain 4 Ability to Provide Effective Education |
Domain 5 Use Information Technology to Make Decisions and Reduce Errors |
Domain 6 Emergency preparedness and response |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 104.66 ± 8.38 | 251.00 ± 12.28 | 98.66 ± 5.68 | 31.33 ± 3.51 | 19.00 ± 1.00 | 12.66 ± 3.21 | 114.66 ± 9.29 | |
| Female | 97.14 ± 12.22 | 248.71 ± 11.13 | 103.42 ± 1.71 | 30.42 ± 4.82 | 18.57 ± 1.27 | 12.71 ± 2.81 | 99.28 ± 27.40 | |
| p value | 0.366 | 0.779 | 0.282 | 0.780 | 0.622 | 0.982 | 0.384 | |
| Level of education | ||||||||
| BS Pharmacy | Yes | 98.57 ± 13.26 | 248.00 ± 11.87 | 102.14 ± 3.97 | 32.42 ± 3.77 | 18.57 ± 1.39 | 12.71 ± 2.81 | 99.28 ± 27.62 |
| No | 101.33 ± 6.50 | 252.66 ± 9.07 | 101.66 ± 4.16 | 26.66 ± 2.30 | 19.00 ± 0.001 | 12.66 ± 3.21 | 114.66 ± 7.09 | |
| p value | 0.746 | 0.564 | 0.868 | 0.043 | 0.622 | 0.982 | 0.384 | |
| Master’s degree | Yes | 103.85 ± 6.25 | 251.57 ± 10.90 | 101.14 ± 4.29 | 29.85 ± 4.41 | 18.42 ± 1.27 | 13.57 ± 2.29 | 113.42 ± 8.16 |
| No | 89.00 ± 15.13 | 244.33 ± 10.78 | 104.00 ± 1.00 | 32.66 ± 4.04 | 19.33 ± 0.57 | 10.66 ± 3.05 | 81.66 ± 6.46 | |
| p value | 0.226 | 0.363 | 0.140 | 0.374 | 0.283 | 0.132 | 0.269 | |
| Highest degree related to your main field of work | ||||||||
| PharmD | 92.75 ± 14.08 | 241.25 ± 7.18 | 102.50 ± 1.73 | 29.75 ± 4.27 | 18.00 ± 1.41 | 12.25 ± 3.09 | 102.00 ± 19.61 | |
| Master’s | 105.80 ± 6.14 | 255.40 ± 10.59 | 101.00 ± 5.14 | 30.60 ± 4.72 | 19.00 ± 0.70 | 13.60 ± 2.60 | 116.40 ± 7.30 | |
| p value | 0.101 | 0.057 | 0.568 | 0.788 | 0.206 | 0.500 | 0.168 | |
| Language of pharmacy education | ||||||||
| French | 92.25 ± 14.66 | 251.50 ± 9.97 | 100.66 ± 4.50 | 28.50 ± 4.03 | 18.83 ± 0.75 | 13.66 ± 2.33 | 115.16 ± 6.85 | |
| English | 104.16 ± 5.84 | 246.25 ± 12.81 | 104.00 ± 0.81 | 34.00 ± 2.00 | 18.50 ± 1.73 | 11.25 ± 2.98 | 87.00 ± 1.82 | |
| p value | 0.105 | 0.486 | 0.132 | 0.037 | 0.682 | 0.188 | 0.174 | |
| University of the highest earned degree | ||||||||
| USJ | 103.40 ± 6.18 | 249.20 ± 9.20 | 99.80 ± 4.43 | 29.40 ± 3.78 | 18.80 ± 0.83 | 13.40 ± 2.50 | 115.00 ± 7.64 | |
| Other | 95.40 ± 14.51 | 249.60 ± 13.39 | 104.20 ± 0.83 | 32.00 ± 4.79 | 18.60 ± 1.51 | 12.00 ± 3.08 | 92.80 ± 30.45 | |
| p value | 0.290 | 0.957 | 0.090 | 0.369 | 0.803 | 0.454 | 0.181 | |
| Work Location | ||||||||
| Beirut | 98.50 ± 12.10 | 248.62 ± 10.14 | 101.50 ± 4.10 | 30.12 ± 4.54 | 18.87 ± 0.64 | 12.50 ± 2.97 | 101.50 ± 25.86 | |
| Mount Lebanon | 103.00 ± 9.89 | 252.50 ± 17.67 | 104.00 ± 1.41 | 33.00 ± 2.82 | 18.00 ± 2.82 | 13.50 ± 2.12 | 113.50 ± 16.26 | |
| p value | 0.644 | 0.678 | 0.438 | 0.430 | 0.737 | 0.672 | 0.559 | |
| Providing direct patient care | ||||||||
| On rounds | 97.16 ± 13.94 | 245.83 ± 11.39 | 101.83 ± 4.26 | 32.00 ± 3.94 | 18.50 ± 1.51 | 12.33 ± 2.87 | 95.50 ± 28.20 | |
| On rounds and telehealth | 102.75 ± 6.02 | 254.75 ± 8.50 | 102.25 ± 3.59 | 28.75 ± 4.57 | 19.00 ± 0.01 | 13.25 ± 2.87 | 116.50 ± 6.85 | |
| p value | 0.478 | 0.221 | 0.877 | 0.264 | 0.456 | 0.635 | 0.132 | |
| Having another field of work | ||||||||
| I do not have another field of work | 102.16 ± 6.30 | 247.66 ± 9.04 | 100.33 ± 4.17 | 29.66 ± 3.44 | 18.33 ± 1.36 | 13.16 ± 2.31 | 112.83 ± 8.65 | |
| I have another work | 95.25 ± 16.76 | 252.00 ± 14.16 | 104.50 ± 0.57 | 32.25 ± 5.50 | 19.25 ± 0.50 | 12.00 ± 3.55 | 90.50 ± 34.66 | |
| p value | 0.375 | 0.567 | 0.058 | 0.383 | 0.242 | 0.543 | 0.290 | |
| Correlation coefficient | Correlation coefficient | Correlation coefficient | Correlation coefficient | Correlation coefficient | Correlation coefficient | Correlation coefficient | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.084 | 0.516 | 0.511 | − 0.002 | 0.466 | − 0.030 | − 0.453 |
| p value | 0.817 | 0.127 | 0.131 | 0.996 | 0.174 | 0.935 | 0.188 |
| Number of working hours per day | − 0.146 | 0.023 | − 0.084 | − 0.266 | 0.247 | − 0.300 | − 0.321 |
| p value | 0.688 | 0.949 | 0.818 | 0.457 | 0.492 | 0.399 | 0.366 |
| Number of working days per week | − 0.410 | − 0.238 | 0.363 | 0.477 | − 0.218 | − 0.259 | − 0.093 |
| p value | 0.239 | 0.508 | 0.302 | 0.164 | 0.545 | 0.470 | 0.798 |
| Years of experience | 0.287 | 0.650 | 0.471 | 0.053 | 0.503 | 0.148 | − 0.322 |
| p value | 0.421 | 0.042 | 0.169 | 0.885 | 0.138 | 0.683 | 0.364 |
LAU Lebanese American University, USJ Saint Joseph University of Beirut