Table 1.
Baseline cohort characteristics, patient information at admission, and renal ultrasonography
| Intrarenal venous flow pattern | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous (n = 16) | Discontinuous (n = 22) | ||
| Characteristics | |||
| Age (years) (median [IQR]) | 66.0 [57.0, 71.8] | 72.5 [62.0, 81.0] | 0.058 |
| Male (%) | 13 (81.2) | 15 (68.2) | 0.469 |
| Body weight (kg) (median [IQR]) | 67.9 [59.9, 72.3] | 55.0 [46.1, 64.2] | 0.006 |
| Body mass index (median [IQR]) | 24.4 [22.9–25.6] | 22.5 [19.0–24.2] | 0.025 |
| Information at admission | |||
| Primary infectious source, No. (%) | 0.016 | ||
| Respiratory | 2 (12.5) | 12 (54.5) | |
| Intraabdominal | 5 (31.3) | 3 (13.6) | |
| Urinary tract | 0 (0) | 1 (4.5) | |
| Central nervous system | 6 (37.5) | 1 (4.5) | |
| Musculoskeletal and skin | 1 (6.3) | 2 (9.1) | |
| Other | 2 (12.5) | 3 (13.6) | |
| Pre-admission ward, No. (%) | 0.788 | ||
| Emergency department | 12 (75.0) | 15 (68.2) | |
| General ward | 0 (0) | 3 (13.6) | |
| Operating room | 4 (25.0) | 3 (13.6) | |
| Inter-hospital transfer | 0 (0) | 1 (4.5) | |
| APACHE II (median [IQR]) | 20.0 [16.8, 26.0] | 25.0 [22.3, 27.0] | 0.100 |
| Information at renal ultrasonography | |||
| After ICU admission days (days) (median [IQR]) | 2.0 [2.0, 2.8] | 2.0 [1.3, 3.0] | 0.767 |
| Cumulative fluid balance (mL) (median [IQR]) | 1067 [74, 2199] | 2220 [1094, 4540] | 0.031 |
| Peripheral edema, No. (%) | 6 (37.5) | 12 (54.5) | 0.342 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) (median [IQR]) | 1.10 [0.59, 1.59] | 1.76 [0.98, 2.96] | 0.048 |
| Vital signs | |||
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) (median [IQR]) | 73.5 [70.0, 80.8] | 69.5 [61.3, 82.3] | 0.399 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) (median [IQR]) | 71.5 [67.8, 96.0] | 76.5 [67.3, 94.8] | 0.779 |
| Respiratory rate (median [IQR]) | 17.5 [16.0, 18.5] | 19.0 [17.0, 20.0] | 0.188 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio (median [IQR]) | 374.0 [265.3, 419.3] | 309.5 [194.8, 371.0] | 0.147 |
| Catecholamines, No. (%) | 9 (56.3) | 15 (68.2) | 0.510 |
| Noradrenaline (mcg/kg/min) (median [IQR]) | 0.01 [0.00, 0.03] | 0.03 [0.00, 0.07] | 0.154 |
| Dobutamine, No. (%) | 2 (12.5) | 3 (13.6) | 0.999 |
| Ventilator setting | |||
| Positive end-expiratory pressure (cmH2O) (median [IQR]) | 5.0 [5.0, 6.0] | 7.0 [5.0, 9.5] | 0.033 |
| Peak inspiratory pressure (cmH2O) (median [IQR]) | 18.5 [16.0, 21.3] | 20.0 [17.5, 22.8] | 0.313 |
| Minute volume (L/min) (median [IQR]) | 8.35 [6.92, 10.70] | 8.45 [6.56, 9.49] | 0.584 |
APACHE II score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score; bpm, breath per minute; FiO2, fraction of inspiratory oxygen; IQR, interquartile range; PaO2, partial pressure of arterial oxygen