Table 1.
Background characteristics and health status by depression (n = 4,063)
| Characteristics (Mean ± SD) |
Categories | Total | Depression | χh | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 3,802, 93.5%) |
Yes (n = 261, 6.5%) |
|||||
| n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | ||||
|
Age (52.03 ± 7.09) |
40–49 | 1,612(39.7) | 1,527(94.7) | 85(5.3) | 4.24 | 0.120 |
| 50–59 | 1,682(41.4) | 1,568(93.2) | 114(6.8) | |||
| 60–64 | 769(18.9) | 707(91.9) | 62(8.1) | |||
| Marital status | Married or partnered | 3,404(83.8) | 3,236(95.1) | 168(4.9) | 59.72 | < 0.001 |
| Nonmarried or separated | 659(16.2) | 566(85.9) | 93(14.1) | |||
| Family income | Above average | 2,632(64.8) | 2,521(95.8) | 111(4.2) | 40.65 | < 0.001 |
| Below average | 1,431(35.2) | 1,281(89.5) | 150(10.5) | |||
| Residential region | Urban | 3,387(83.4) | 3,177(93.8) | 210(6.2) | 1.13 | 0.287 |
| Rural | 676(16.6) | 625(92.5) | 51(7.5) | |||
| Education attained | College or higher | 1,220(30.0) | 1,177(96.5) | 43(3.5) | 31.53 | < 0.001 |
| High school | 1,667(41.0) | 1,572(94.3) | 95(5.7) | |||
| Middle school | 1,176(28.9) | 1,053(89.5) | 123(10.5) | |||
| Employment | Unemployed | 1,577(38.8) | 1,429(90.6) | 148(9.4) | 28.16 | < 0.001 |
| Employed | 2,486(61.2) | 2,373(95.5) | 113(4.5) | |||
| Drinking frequency |
Never or < 1*per month 1–4*per month ≥ 1*per week |
2,330(57.3) | 2,170(93.1) | 160(6.9) | 6.03 | 0.049 |
| 1,246(30.7) | 1,187(95.3) | 59(4.7) | ||||
| 487(12.0) | 445(91.4) | 42(8.6) | ||||
| Smoking status |
Never smoked Ex-smoker Smoker |
3,690(90.8) | 3,492(94.6) | 198(5.4) | 52.70 | < 0.001 |
| 168(4.1) | 140(83.3) | 28(16.7) | ||||
| 205(5.0) | 170(82.9) | 35(17.1) | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | Underweight(< 18.5) | 129(3.2) | 116(89.9) | 13(10.1) | 3.96 | 0.266 |
| Normal(18.5–22.9) | 2,420(59.6) | 2,286(94.5) | 134(5.5) | |||
| Pre-obese(23.0-24.9) | 1,118(27.5) | 1,035(92.6) | 83(7.4) | |||
| Obese(≥ 25.0) | 396(9.7) | 365(92.2) | 31(7.8) | |||
| Menopausal status* | Pre-menopausal | 1,749(43.0) | 1,661(95.0) | 88(5.0) | 8.12 | 0.004 |
| Post-menopausal | 2,314(57.0) | 2,141(92.5) | 173(7.5) | |||
| Childbirth experience | No | 199(4.9) | 177(88.9) | 22(11.1) | 1.45 | 0.229 |
| Yes | 3,864(95.1) | 3,625(93.8) | 239(6.2) | |||
| Practicing Aerobic exercise | No | 2,227(54.8) | 2,074(93.1) | 153(6.9) | 0.16 | 0.688 |
| Yes | 1,836(45.2) | 1,728(94.1) | 108(5.9) | |||
|
Restriction on Activity |
No | 3,801(93.6) | 3,629(95.5) | 172(4.5) | 245.28 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 262(6.4) | 173(66.0) | 89(34.0) | |||
| Diabetes status | Normal | 2,070(50.9) | 1,957(94.5) | 113(5.5) | 19.17 | < 0.001 |
| Pre-diabetes | 1,577(38.8) | 1,473(93.4) | 104(6.6) | |||
| Diabetes | 416(10.2) | 372(89.4) | 44(10.6) | |||
Note, n: unweighted sample size; p-value was obtained using a Rao–Scott χ2 test based on weighted percentage. *Those who underwent a hysterectomy were categorized as post-menopausal