Table 4.
Characteristics of caregivers and people with PD as predictors for caregiver burden
| Predictors | Model I | Model II | Model III | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 95% CI | B | 95% CI | B | 95% CI | |
| Caregiver assessments | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| < 50 years | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| 50–70 years | 0.067 | − 0.28–0.42 | 0.162 | − 0.20–0.52 | ||
| > 70 years | 0.113 | − 0.26–0.49 | 0.160 | − 0.23–0.55 | ||
| Women | 0.057 | − 0.07–0.19 | − 0.014 | − 0.16–0.13 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | − 0.001 | − 0.22–0.21 | 0.040 | − 0.18–0.26 | ||
| Unmarried | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Educational level | ||||||
| Primary education | − 0.032 | − 0.39–0.33 | − 0.064 | − 0.45–0.32 | ||
| Secondary education | − 0.036 | − 0.39–0.32 | − 0.099 | − 0.48–0.28 | ||
| Tertiary education | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Work status | ||||||
| Working | 0.006 | − 0.16–0.17 | 0.060 | − 0.11–0.23 | ||
| Not working | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Caregiver involvement | ||||||
| Day and night | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| During the day | − 0.006 | − 0.17–0.16 | − 0.013 | − 0.18–0.16 | ||
| 3 to 6 times per week | 0.200 | − 0.23–0.63 | 0.225 | − 0.21–0.66 | ||
| 1 to 2 times per week | − 0.232 | − 0.59–0.13 | − 0.219 | − 0.59–0.16 | ||
| Less than once per week | − 0.232 | − 0.51–0.04 | − 0.235 | − 0.52–0.05 | ||
| Less than once per month | − 0.085 | − 0.31–0.14 | − 0.025 | − 0.28–0.23 | ||
| Very variable | 0.05 | − 0.13–0.23 | 0.050 | − 0.14–0.24 | ||
| Caregiver activation | − 0.006 | − 0.02–0.01 | − 0.006 | − 0.03–0.01 | ||
| Perceived social support | − 0.116** | − 0.17 to − 0.07 | − 0.108** | − 0.16 to − 0.06 | ||
| Coping strategies | ||||||
| Problem-focused coping | 0.346** | 0.20–0.49 | 0.352** | 0.21–0.50 | ||
| Emotion focus coping | 0.200 | − 0.13–0.37 | 0.081 | − 0.18–0.34 | ||
| Avoidant coping | 0.947** | 0.71–1.19 | 0.973** | 0.73–1.21 | ||
| People with PD assessments | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| < 50 years | Ref | Ref | – | – | ||
| 50–70 years | 0.108 | − 0.72–0.93 | – | – | ||
| > 70 years | 0.086 | − 0.74–0.91 | – | – | ||
| Women | − 0.003 | − 0.17–0.16 | – | – | ||
| Educational level | ||||||
| Primary education | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Secondary education | − 0.140 | − 0.53–0.25 | − 0.307 | − 0.64–0.03 | ||
| Tertiary education | − 0.206 | − 0.59–0.18 | − 0.271 | − 0.60–0.06 | ||
| Work status | ||||||
| Working | − 0.300 | − 0.48–0.02 | − 0.254* | − 0.47 to − 0.04 | ||
| Not working | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Coping strategies | ||||||
| Taking action | 0.077 | − 0.10–0.26 | 0.066 | − 0.09–0.22 | ||
| Distancing | − 0.117 | − 0.27–0.03 | − 0.072 | − 0.20–0.06 | ||
| Goal oriented | − 0.040 | − 0.20–0.12 | − 0.012 | − 0.15–0.13 | ||
| Social support | 0.048 | − 0.07–0.17 | 0.004 | − 0.10–0.10 | ||
| Avoidance | 0.056 | − 0.12–0.23 | 0.071 | − 0.09–0.22 | ||
| Disease duration | 0.004 | − 0.1–0.02 | 0.001 | − 0.01–0.01 | ||
| Depression | 0.009 | − 0.01–0.02 | 0.002 | − 0.01–0.01 | ||
| Anxiety | 0.005 | − 0.01–0.02 | 0.002 | − 0.01–0.02 | ||
| Motor symptoms | 0.145 | − 0.10–0.39 | 0.251* | 0.04–0.46 | ||
| Activities of daily living | − 0.009 | − 0.02–0.00 | − 0.011* | − 0.02–0.00 | ||
Model 1—regression analysis with only caregiver characteristics as predictors. Model 2—regression analysis model with only characteristics of people with PD. Model 3—regression analysis model with both characteristics of caregivers and people with PD: age and gender variables of people with PD were excluded due to severe collinearity with other predictors
** < .001
* < .05