TABLE 1.
Acute infections of closed fractures (appendicular bones) in adults.
| Reference | Patient age, sex | Fracture/infection site | Time from injury | Possible primary infection source | Organism | Factors affecting infection resistance | Antibiotic treatment a | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cozen 1958 a | Adult, F | Proximal tibia | 5.5 months | NA | Staphylococcus sp. | NA | NA | Nonunion |
| 60, M | Femoral neck | 5 months | NA | Pseudomonas sp. | Rheumatoid arthritis | Polymyxin | Femoral head resection | |
| Watson and Whitesides 1976 | 58, F | Humeral neck | 4 days | NA | Penicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus | Chronic alcoholism | Nafcillin | Likely humeral head resection |
| 61, F | Humeral neck | 20 days | NA | Group B beta‐hemolytic Streptococcus | Diabetes | Penicillin | Likely humeral head resection | |
| 96, F | Femoral neck | 12 days | NA | Klebsiella pneumoniae | NA | Gentamicin, penicillin | Femoral head resection | |
| 59, M | Humeral neck | 22 days | NA | Bacteroides | Diabetes | Primarily polymixcin and kanamycin; chloramphenicol, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin | Died | |
| Aluisio and Scully 1996 | 61, F | Humeral neck | 6 weeks | NA | Salmonella enteriditis & Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus | Diabetes | Ciprofloxacin, vancomycin | Humeral head and shaft resection (8 cm) |
| Baskaran et al. 2004 | 38, F | Femoral diaphysis | 15 days | NA | Methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus | NA | Gentamicin‐impregnated beads, cloxacillin | 2 cm shorter limb |
| Martínez et al. 2006 | 88, M | Humeral neck | 8 days | Indwelling catheter | Escherichia coli | Bladder carcinoma | Amoxicillin/clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, cotrimoxazole | Died |
| Weidle et al. 2009 a | 77, F | Distal radius | 3 days | Pneumonia | Group A beta‐hemolytic Streptococcus | Diabetes, bronchial carcinoma | Linezolid, meropenem, clindamycin | Died, necrotizing fasciitis |
| Kim and Tufesco 2012 | 31, F | Patella | 2 days | NA | Group A beta‐hemolytic Streptococcus | NA | Cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefalexin | No long‐term deficits |
| Baruah et al. 2016 a | 50, M | Humeral diaphysis | 14 days | NA | Staphylococcus aureus | NA | Cephalosporin | Fibular graft |
| Kocutar et al. 2016 | 54, M | Clavicle | 24 days | Toe wound | Escherichia coli | Chronic alcoholism, smoker | Floxacillin, cefotaxime | Died |
| Gellman et al. 2018 | 28, M | Humeral diaphysis | 11 days | Chest tube, skin abrasions | Methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus | NA | Cefazolin, gentamicin‐impregnated beads, cloxacillin, rifampicin | No long‐term deficits |
| Current case 2022 | 64, F | Humeral neck | 13 days | NA | Methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus | Chronic alcoholism | Cefazolin, vancomycin impregnated absorbable calcium sulfate beads | Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty |
Abbreviations: F, female; humeral neck, surgical neck of the humerus; M, male; NA, not available/not known.
a
Dosage and duration of antibiotics not specified in original study.