Table 2.

Final model depicting the effects of the Malus sylvestris population to which each seedling belonged (i.e. cluster inferred with STRUCTURE for K = 8) on phenotypic traits (i.e. height, number of leaves, internode, chlorophyll and flavonol contents and nitrogen balance index) measured on 533 individuals.

Explanatory variable	Population			Mother tree		Model			Mother tree
Fitness	χ2	P-value	d.f.	REML	s.d.	AIC	R 2	Corrected R2	R 2
Height_AGR	17.863	0.007***	6	1229	0.204	1248	0.047	0.091	0.044
Height_RGR	12.846	0.045*	6	−2264	0.006	−2245	0.041	0.147	0.106
Leaf_AGR	4.302	0.6359	6	134	0.036	152	0.01	0.028	0.018
Leaf_RGR	4.302	0.6359	6	134	0.036	152	0.01	0.028	0.018
Whole height AGR	22.243	1.00e-03***	6	630	0.175	650	0.074	0.192	0.118
Whole leaf AGR	36.326	2.38e-06***	6	−1277	0.009	−1258	0.09	0.118	0.028
Height	31.623	1.93e-05***	6	4113	11.69	4,131	0.119	0.301	0.182
Number of leaves	22.285	0.001***	6	–	0.084	2,659	0.052	0.064	0.012
Chlorophyll	14.418	0.025*	6	1181	1.352	1199	0.074	0.171	0.097
Flavonol	6.7752	0.342	6	−124	0.091	−105	0.043	0.299	0.256
NBI	1.838	0.934	6	1735	7.6617	1754	0.011	0.224	0.213
Internode (number of leaves/height)	17.768	0.007***	6	−1328	0.009	−1309	0.044	0.073	0.029

Abbreviations: AIC, Akaike information criterion; NBI, nitrogen balance index; –, model without any significant effect. ***P < 0.001; **0.01 < P < 0.001; *0.05 < P < 0.01.