Table 3.
Contribution of geography and climate to the genetic variation observed among Malus sylvestris seedlings. Distance-based redundancy analyses tested the effects of geography, climate and phenotype on the genetic differentiation (from 13 microsatellites) among 21 sites in the European crabapple. Only the significant variables are listed.
| db-RDA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of variance explained | d.f. | P-value | Adjusted R2 | |
| Global analysis | 25.9 | 7 | 0.001 | 69.9 |
| Residuals | 11.3 | 13 | – | |
| Geography (IBD, PCNM 1-2-3-6) | 14.9 | 4 | <0.015 | |
| Environment (IBC_LGM, BIO3_LGM, BIO6_LGM, BIO9_LGM) | 11.04 | 3 | <0.015 | |
| Residuals | 11.3 % | – | – | |
Abbreviations: BIO3_LGM, isothermality (BIO2/BIO7) (×100); BIO6_LGM, minimum temperature of the coldest month; BIO9_LGM, mean temperature of the driest quarter; IBD, isolation by distance; IBC_LGM, isolation by climate during the Last Glacial Maximum.