Table 2.
Differences in SpIRIT and SNs by Participants’ Sociodemographic, Disease, and Spiritual Needs-Related Characteristics.
| Characteristics | SpIRIT (5-point scale) | SNs (5-point scale) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| Patients (N=120) | Primary family caregivers (N=115) | Patients (N=99) | Primary family caregivers (N=111) | ||||||
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| Mean±SD | t/F(P) (Scheffe) | Mean±SD | t/F(P) (Scheffe) | Mean±SD | t/F(P) (Scheffe) | Mean±SD | t/F(P) (Scheffe) | ||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Age (yr) | <50 | 3.99±0.39 | 1.37 (0.257) | 3.91±0.49 | 0.34 (0.807) | 3.87±0.53 | 0.65 (0.583) | 3.99±0.50 | 0.36 (0.783) |
| 50~59 | 3.75±0.41 | 3.88±0.44 | 3.71±0.59 | 4.10±0.53 | |||||
| 60~69 | 3.70±0.52 | 3.95±0.61 | 3.89±0.58 | 4.06±0.71 | |||||
| ≥70 | 3.89±0.69 | 4.06±0.52 | 3.94±0.55 | 3.91±0.81 | |||||
| Gender | Female | 3.81±0.57 | 0.13 (0.901) | 3.71±0.52 | -2.71 (0.008) | 3.92±0.57 | 0.91 (0.364) | 3.97±0.44 | -0.46 (0.650) |
| Male | 3.83±0.52 | 4.00±0.47 | 3.82±0.56 | 4.03±0.66 | |||||
| Marital status | Never marrieda | 3.61±0.54 | 0.10 (0.982) | 3.72±0.45 | 4.69 (0.004) | 3.76±0.66 | 2.93 (0.025) | 3.86±0.56 | 0.47 (0.702) |
| Marriedb | 3.82±0.51 | 3.92±0.47 | a,b<c | 3.88±0.51 | 4.05±0.64 | ||||
| Separated/Divorcedc | 3.86±0.65 | 5.00±0.00 | 3.65±0.57 | 4.12±0.43 | |||||
| Widowed/Bereavedd | 3.84±0.68 | 4.11±0.02 | 4.24±0.59 | 4.08±0.47 | |||||
| Relationship with patients | Spouse | - | - | 3.95±0.57 | 0.67 (0.578) | - | - | 4.02±0.66 | 0.03 (0.993) |
| Child | - | - | 3.84±0.44 | - | - | 3.99±0.64 | |||
| Parent | - | - | 3.99±0.39 | - | - | 4.04±0.55 | |||
| Other family | - | - | 4.01±0.48 | - | - | 4.03±0.57 | |||
| Education level | Middle school | 3.89±0.46 | 1.49 (0.221) | 3.66±0.61 | 2.20 (0.092) | 3.84±0.57 | 0.25 (0.863) | 3.85±0.95 | 1.56 (0.205) |
| High school | 3.74±0.56 | 3.90±0.50 | 3.92±0.61 | 4.01±0.51 | |||||
| Bachelor’s degree | 3.88±0.49 | 3.95±0.48 | 3.83±0.45 | 4.02±0.51 | |||||
| Graduate | 4.40±0.20 | 4.27±0.28 | 3.65±0.00 | 4.46±0.41 | |||||
| Religion | Protestant | 4.05±0.53 | 5.86 (<0.001) | 4.18±0.44 | 9.33 (<0.001) | 4.15±0.41 | 10.58 (<0.001) | 4.36±0.39 | 6.44 (<0.001) |
| Catholic | 4.00±0.45 | 4.10±0.44 | 4.31±0.51 | a,b>d | 4.14±0.57 | a>c,d | |||
| Buddhist | 3.60±0.47 | 3.89±0.32 | 3.59±0.53 | a,b>c | 3.87±0.57 | ||||
| Other/ None | 3.58±0.52 | 3.58±0.45 | 3.57±0.53 | 3.72±0.69 | |||||
| Average monthly income (chon won) | <1,999a | 3.81±0.55 | 0.59 (0.623) | 3.91±0.51 | 3.60 (0.016) | 3.87±0.64 | 0.19 (0.902) | 4.06±0.69 | 0.14 (0.939) |
| 2,000~3,999b | 3.84±0.57 | 3.80±0.49 | b<d | 3.84±0.49 | 4.02±0.61 | ||||
| 4,000~5,999c | 3.63±0.36 | 4.01±0.49 | 4.00±0.49 | 3.96±0.56 | |||||
| >6,000d | 3.79±0.41 | 4.25±0.29 | 3.90±0.65 | 4.07±0.35 | |||||
| Disease-related characteristics Physical suffering | Not at all | 3.04±0.00 | 0.49 (0.782) | 4.04±0.55 | 0.96 (0.449) | 3.79±0.48 | 0.83 (0.481) | 4.02±0.21 | 1.39 (0.241) |
| Mild | 3.86±0.55 | 3.83±0.41 | 3.82±0.71 | 4.01±0.66 | |||||
| Moderate | 3.83±0.52 | 3.83±0.46 | 3.81±0.51 | 4.00±0.53 | |||||
| Severe | 3.79±0.59 | 4.03±0.56 | 4.02±0.53 | 3.89±0.74 | |||||
| Very severe | 3.85±0.48 | 4.00±0.46 | 3.87±0.57 | 4.33±0.52 | |||||
| Psychological suffering | Not at all | 3.77±1.03 | 1.12 (0.356) | 4.28±0.53 | 2.17 (0.096) | - | 1.15 (0.334) | 3.98±0.03 | 0.97 (0.427) |
| Mild | 4.09±0.51 | 3.87±0.52 | 4.12±0.60 | 3.59±1.64 | |||||
| Moderate | 3.69±0.50 | 3.93±0.42 | 3.76±0.70 | 4.03±0.49 | |||||
| Severe | 3.84±0.53 | 3.84±0.48 | 3.84±0.48 | 3.97±0.52 | |||||
| Very severe | 3.82±0.54 | 3.92±0.49 | 3.40±0.51 | 4.17±0.69 | |||||
| Economic suffering | Not at all | 3.49±0.54 | 2.04 (0.094) | 3.78±0.44 | 1.51 (0.203) | 3.82±0.86 | 0.74 (0.587) | 3.96±0.23 | 0.23 (0.924) |
| Mild | 3.94±0.40 | 3.89±0.56 | 3.97±0.47 | 4.10±0.62 | |||||
| Moderate | 3.88±0.57 | 3.98±0.47 | 3.79±0.66 | 3.98±0.69 | |||||
| Severe | 3.64±0.53 | 3.97±0.36 | 3.85±0.43 | 4.11±0.59 | |||||
| Very severe | 3.82±0.54 | 3.42±0.76 | 4.09±0.59 | 3.99±0.45 | |||||
| Spiritual needs-related characteristics | |||||||||
| How important are spiritual matters to you now? | Not at alla | 3.02±0.31 | 19.51(<0.001) | 3.31±0.46 | 21.34(<0.001) | 2.98±0.50 | 15.45 (<0.001) | 2.88±1.22 | 19.91 (<0.001) |
| A little bitb | 3.38±0.51 | a,b,c,d<e | 3.58±0.25 | a,b,c,d<e | 3.38±0.43 | a,b,c<e | 3.57±0.46 | a,b,c<e | |
| Somec | 3.63±0.46 | a,b<d | 3.81±0.40 | a,b<d | 3.69±0.52 | a,b<d | 3.87±0.38 | a,b<d | |
| Quite a bitd | 3.92±0.39 | 3.99±0.37 | a<c | 4.01±0.39 | a<c | 4.12±0.40 | a<c | ||
| A great deale | 4.34±0.35 | 4.44±0.33 | 4.30±0.41 | 4.46±0.39 | |||||
| How important is religion to you now? | Not at alla | 3.31±0.76 | 18.66(<0.001) | 3.40±0.55 | 14.61 (<0.001) | 3.06±0.58 | 15.74 (<0.001) | 3.08±1.11 | 19.51 (<0.001) |
| A little bitb | 3.40±0.48 | a,b,c,d<e | 3.65±0.48 | a,b,c<e | 3.35±0.44 | a,b,c<e | 3.80±0.43 | a,b,c<e | |
| Somec | 3.59±0.37 | b<d | 3.76±0.36 | a<d | 3.68±0.51 | a,b<d | 3.81±0.43 | a<b,c,d | |
| Quite a bitd | 3.87±0.44 | 4.00±0.33 | 4.02±0.36 | 4.10±0.36 | |||||
| A great deale | 4.37±0.30 | 4.31±0.40 | 4.31±0.43 | 4.50±0.35 | |||||
SNs: spiritual needs, SpIRIT: spiritual interests related to illness tool.