Table 3. The OR for sudden death among patients who died from COVID-19 by age group.
| Variable | Young age group (0–59 years) | Middle age group (60–79 years) | Old age group (over 80 years) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | aOR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | aOR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | aOR (95%CI) | P value | ||
| Confirmed year | ||||||||||
| 2021 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| 2022 | 2.03 (1.73–2.39) | 1.66 (1.39–1.98) | < 0.001* | 2.05 (1.74–2.41) | 1.70 (1.42–2.03) | < 0.001* | 1.77 (1.58–1.99) | 1.57 (1.39–1.77) | < 0.001* | |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | - | - | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | - | - | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) | 1.27 (1.18–1.37) | < 0.001* | |
| Female | ref | - | - | ref | - | - | ref | ref | ||
| Region (n = 30,288) | ||||||||||
| Capital | 0.75 (0.66–0.84) | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) | 0.034* | 0.80 (0.71–0.89) | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) | 0.457 | 0.85 (0.79–0.91) | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 0.468 | |
| Non-capital | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Underlying condition (n = 30,211) | ||||||||||
| None | 1.99 (1.56–2.56) | 2.25 (1.74–2.90) | < 0.001* | 2.07 (1.53–2.79) | 2.24 (1.65–3.05) | < 0.001* | 1.43 (1.17–1.74) | 1.37 (1.12–1.68) | < 0.001* | |
| 1–2 | 1.42 (1.22–1.64) | 1.43 (1.23–1.66) | < 0.001* | 1.19 (1.05–1.34) | 1.17 (1.04–1.32) | 0.011* | 1.18 (1.09–1.27) | 1.14 (1.06–1.23) | < 0.001* | |
| 3+ | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||||
| Vaccination | ||||||||||
| None | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| 1–2 doses | 1.08 (0.92–1.25) | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) | 0.565 | 1.07 (0.92–1.24) | 1.02 (0.88–1.20) | 0.756 | 0.89 (0.81–0.99) | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) | < 0.001* | |
| Booster + | 1.41 (1.23–1.62) | 1.19 (1.03–1.38) | 0.019* | 1.39 (1.22–1.57) | 1.15 (1.00–1.31) | 0.049* | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) | < 0.001* | |
| Reinfection | ||||||||||
| Yes | 1.03 (0.77–1.39) | 0.97 (0.71–1.33) | 0.861 | 1.59 (1.19–2.12) | 1.31 (0.97–1.77) | 0.078 | 1.28 (1.05–1.56) | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | 0.090 | |
| No | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Location of death | ||||||||||
| Medical facilities | 0.43 (0.37–0.50) | 0.47 (0.41–0.55) | < 0.001* | 0.43 (0.37–0.49) | 0.46 (0.40–0.53) | < 0.001* | 0.48 (0.45–0.52) | 0.48 (0.45–0.52) | < 0.001* | |
| Others | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||||
| Prescription (J code) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 0.64 (0.53–0.77) | 0.74 (0.61–0.89) | < 0.001* | 0.76 (0.64–0.89) | 0.86 (0.73–1.02) | 0.079 | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | - | - | |
| No | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | - | - | |||
OR = odds ratio, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, aOR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.
*Adjusted for variables which statistical significance in the unadjusted analyses (P < 0.05).