Fig. 1. The evolutionary origins of obligate symbionts and their association with different feeding niches.
a, The phylogenetic distribution of obligate symbionts across insect families investigated for symbiosis and their feeding niches. Turquiose tips and branches represent obligate symbiosis and different coloured dots represent different feeding niches. Ancestral feeding niches were estimated using SCM, and obligate symbiosis states were estimated using a BPMM (Supplementary Table 5; for tree with tip labels, see Extended Data Fig. 4). b, The number of times obligate symbiosis evolved in different ancestral feeding niches of insects estimated using a BPMM. c, Proportion of species within families with obligate symbionts (mean ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.)) in relation to the feeding niches of insects. The average number of species within families is given along the x axis.