Table 1.

Examples of ViT applications in medical image segmentation

Method	Category	Medical application
TransUnet [10]	MRI, CT	CT and MRI cardiac segmentation
Dual-TransUnet [11]	Microscopy	Skin lesion analysis [45]; gland segmentation in histology [46]; nuclei in divergent images [47]
Swin-Unet [35]	CT	Abdominal multiorgan segmentation
iSegFormer [37]	3D MRI	Knee image segmentation
3D UX-net [38]	3D MRI	Brain tissue segmentation
UNesT [39]	MRI, CT	Abdominal multiorgan segmentation + kidney segmentation + whole brain segmentation
NestedFormer [40]	MRI	Brain tumor segmentation
RECIST [41]	CT	Automatic tumor segmentation and diameter size prediction
GT U-Net [42]	X-ray	Tooth therapy: root canal segmentation
FCN-transformer [43]	Colonoscopy	CRC segmentation
TraSeTR [44]	Endoscopy	Robot-assisted surgery