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. 2023 Jul 10;8:33. doi: 10.1038/s41536-023-00311-5

Fig. 6. LCN2 is upregulated in human brains with AD.

Fig. 6

Immunohistochemical stainings for LCN2 and GFAP on hippocampal brain sections of healthy control (a, b) and CERAD score C AD patient (c, d). Black-white insets (a1–d2) indicate individual fluorescent channels. LCN2 (top) and GFAP (bottom). e Quantification of LCN2-positive GFAP cells normalized to total GFAP cells. In total n = 7 human brains, n = 21 images analyzed. ***p < 0.001. f Immunostaining for GFAP on primary human astrocytes in 3D hydrogels: control and LCN2-treated. g Quantification of the volume of GFAP normalized to total number of GFAP cells. LCN2-treatment reduces the volume of astroglia, indicative or reactive states. Scale bars equal 50 μm. h GFAP and MAP2 immunostaining on control and LCN2-treated 3D hydrogel cultures of human primary fetal astroglia. i Quantification of normalized GFAP and MAP2-positive cells after the culture period. Scale bars equal 25 μm. Error bars represent standard error of the means.