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. 2023 Jul 10;13:11132. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32470-2

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Group effects in executive functions. Basketball group significantly improved in working memory, Stroop part 3 and interference score, and the reaction time in flanker task incongruent part. Fitness group (AER+R) significantly improved in cognitive flexibility (note that in trail making test, less is better), and the reaction time in both congruent and incongruent parts of the flanker task. Control group significantly worsened in the accuracy of the flanker task in the congruent and incongruent trials but improved in the reaction time of the neutral part.