Table 2.
The association between smoking status and neonatal outcomes in neonates exposed to opioid agonist therapy in utero
| Non-smoking | Smoking | Crude effect estimate (95%CI) | Adjusted effect estimate (95%CI)1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 255 | 814 | - | - |
| Perinatal mortality, n (%) | 8 (3.1%) | 19 (2.3%) | OR: 0.74 (0.32, 1.71) | OR: 0.68 (0.29, 1.59) |
| Estimates gestation (weeks), mean ± sd | 37.8 ± 2.9 | 37.5 ± 2.8 | Coef: − 0.23 (− 0.63, 0.17) | Coef: − 0.17 (− 0.58, 0.23) |
| Pre-term birth, n (%) | 45 (17.7%) | 153 (18.8%) | OR: 1.08 (0.75, 1.56) | OR: 1.06 (0.73, 1.53) |
| Birth weight (g), mean ± sd | 3031 ± 698 | 2900 ± 629 | Coef: − 131 (− 222, − 40) | Coef: − 123 (− 214, − 31) |
| Low birth weight (< 2500), n (%) | 36 (14.1%) | 167 (20.5%) | OR: 1.57 (1.06, 2.32) | OR: 1.54 (1.04, 2.28) |
| Length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 6 (4, 11) | 6 (4, 13) | IRR: 1.07 (0.94, 1.23) | IRR: 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) |
| Neonatal abstinence syndrome, n (%) | 127 (49.8%) | 465 (57.1%) | OR: 1.34 (1.01, 1.78) | OR: 1.33 (1.00, 1.77) |
| Admission to special care nursery, n (%) | 116 (46.4%) | 357 (44.7%) | OR: 0.94 (0.70, 1.24) | OR: 0.93 (0.70, 1.25) |
1Adjusted for maternal age, previous pregnancy (yes/no), and residing in a low socio-economic area