Table 2.
Synopsis of the variable description.
| Variable | Symbols | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental Degradation | EVD | CO2 emissions in kilo ton (kt) | WDI |
| Energy Consumption | ENC | Energy Usage (kg of oil equivalent per capita | WDI |
| Economic Growth | EGC | Per Capita (constant USD $2010) | WDI |
| Technological Innovation | TI | No. Of patent applications authorized by both resident and non-resident | OECD |
| Regulatory Quality | RQ | Estimates Government effective regulations | WGI |
| Government Effectiveness | GE | Estimates on public services quality | WGI |
| Government spending on research and development | GSRD | R&D measured by %$US (constant $2010) | WDI |
Note: WDI: World Development Indicators, WGI: World Governance Indicators, OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development EGC-Economic Growth, ENC-energy consumption, RQ-Regulatory quality), GE-Government effectiveness, and GSRD-Government spending on research and development.