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. 2023 Jun 16;9(6):e17029. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17029

Table 3.

Descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and VIF.

Variables Mean Std.Dev Maximum Maximum VIF Correlation
InEVD 6.010 0.867 7.748 5.267 2.364
InEGC 5.186 0.515 6.778 4.477 3.055 0.583***
InENC 7.714 0.856 5.413 1.880 2.380 0.198***
InGE 3.956 0.335 4.466 2.467 1.457 0.441***
InRQ 3.815 0.494 4.395 0.218 1.035 −0.202***
InTI 8.958 0.503 14.147 4.927 2.032 0.373***
InGSRD 3.138 0.397 9.249 1.342 2.859 0.698***

Note: *** indicates a 1% significance level. EVD-Environmental degradation- EGC-Economic Growth, ENC-energy consumption, RQ-Regulatory quality), GE-Government effectiveness, and GSRD-Government spending on research and development.