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. 2023 Jun 19;9(6):e17321. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17321

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© 2023 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — Biplots of different parameters of rice (a) and wheat (b) on principal analysis component coordinates. GY: Grain yield; SY: Straw/stover yield; N_L: Leaf total N; N_G: Grain total N; N_St: Straw/stover total N; N_S: Soil total N; NDVI: Normalized differential vegetation index; CHL: Chlorophyll; BM: Biomass; Till: Tiller number per hill; NU_G: N uptake in grain; NU_S: N uptake in straw/stover; NU_Tot: Total N uptake; AEN: Agronomic efficiency of N; PFP: Partial factor productivity of N; PC: Principal component.