. 2023 Jun 19;9(6):e17452. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17452

Table 1.

Chemical composition (g/100 g) properties of two varieties of native and germinated fonio flour.

Samples	Brown variety				White variety
Samples	Raw	24 h	48 h	72 h	Raw	24 h	48 h	72 h
Moisture	10.33 ± 0.00^a	10.12 ± 0.03^b	10.17 ± 0.01^b	10.19 ± 0.01^b	10.38 ± 0.02^a	10.20 ± 0.05^b	10.16 ± 0.01^b	10.24 ± 0.03^b
Protein	8.56 ± 0.01^e	10.79 ± 0.02^c	12.23 ± 0.05^b	13.97 ± 0.01^a	8.39 ± 0.01^e	9.47 ± 0.01^d	12.10 ± 0.03^b	13.87 ± 0.02^a
Fat	4.10 ± 0.02^a	3.54 ± 0.03^b	2.81 ± 0.02^c	2.50 ± 0.00^d	4.26 ± 0.03^a	3.80 ± 0.02^b	3.04 ± 0.01^c	2.31 ± 0.01^d
Ash	2.94 ± 0.03^e	3.40 ± 0.01^d	3.97 ± 0.04^b	4.23 ± 0.02^a	2.82 ± 0.01^f	3.04 ± 0.01^d	3.82 ± 0.02^c	4.06 ± 0.03^b
Soluble dietary fiber	2.46 ± 0.03^d	2.93 ± 0.02^c	3.28 ± 0.03^b	3.64 ± 0.03^a	2.33 ± 0.05^d	2.75 ± 0.03^c	3.16 ± 0.01^b	3.48 ± 0.01^b
Insoluble dietary fiber	11.88 ± 0.05^d	12.16 ± 0.06^c	12.77 ± 0.03^b	13.15 ± 0.05^a	11.60 ± 0.12^e	11.95 ± 0.10^d	12.69 ± 0.07^b	12.93 ± 0.07^a
Total dietary fiber	14.34 ± 0.13^g	15.09 ± 0.10^e	16.05 ± 0.17^c	16.79 ± 0.12^a	13.93 ± 0.10^d	14.70 ± 0.14^f	15.85 ± 0.12^d	16.41 ± 0.15^b
Amylose	21.20 ± 0.05^a	20.93 ± 0.07^c	20.29 ± 0.06^e	20.03 ± 0.07^c	21.44 ± 0.02^b	20.81 ± 0.01^c	20.46 ± 0.01^d	20.33 ± 0.01^de
Total sugar	1.15 ± 0.00^c	1.26 ± 0.01^c	1.37 ± 0.02^b	1.50 ± 0.01^a	1.26 ± 0.01^c	1.43 ± 0.01^b	1.59 ± 0.01^a	1.64 ± 0.00^a
Total starch	57.32 ± 0.11^a	57.01 ± 0.23^b	52.90 ± 0.21^e	50.23 ± 0.14^f	57.60 ± 0.24^a	56.48 ± 0.19^c	53.20 ± 0.20^d	50.77 ± 0.26^f
IVSD	69.77 ± 0.15^b	69.20 ± 0.11^d	66.55 ± 0.16^f	64.17 ± 0.10^h	70.19 ± 0.63^a	69.62 ± 0.57^c	67.73 ± 0.91^e	65.08 ± 0.45^g
RS	3.82 ± 0.03^c	3.91 ± 0.00^b	4.17 ± 0.03^a	4.25 ± 0.01^a	3.51 ± 0.01^e	3.74 ± 0.01^d	3.97 ± 0.01^b	3.81 ± 0.01^c
RDS	24.15 ± 0.07^b	23.80 ± 0.11^d	20.98 ± 0.15^f	18.03 ± 0.10^g	25.34 ± 0.11^a	24.08 ± 0.13^c	22.50 ± 0.19^e	20.86 ± 0.16^f
SDS	42.90 ± 0.12^d	43.34 ± 0.10^c	44.12 ± 0.15^a	44.20 ± 0.12^a	42.69 ± 0.20^d	43.16 ± 0.17^d	43.98 ± 0.22^b	43.53 ± 0.13^c

Mean ± standard deviation, n = 3. Values followed by the same letters in the same row are not significantly (p ≥ 0.05). IVSD = In vitro starch digestibility, RS = Resistant starch, RDS: rapidly digestible starch, SDS: slowly digestible starch.