. 2023 Jun 19;9(6):e17452. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17452

Table 2.

Antinutritional factors, mineral composition and antioxidant activity of two varieties of native and germinated fonio flour.

Samples	Brown variety				White variety
Samples	Raw	24 h	48 h	72 h	Raw	24 h	48 h	72 h
Antinutritional factors
Phytic acid (mg/100 g)	506.13 ± 1.92^b	483.55 ± 1.67^c	205.40 ± 1.28^f	133.62 ± 1.21^d	543.60 ± 2.58^a	462.41 ± 3.11^d	238.72 ± 2.83^e	173.50 ± 2.06^g
Tannin (mg CE/g)	0.18 ± 0.00^a	0.14 ± 0.01^b	0.12 ± 0.01^c	0.11 ± 0.00^c	0.23 ± 0.01^a	0.17 ± 0.01^b	0.12 ± 0.01^c	0.10 ± 0.01^c
Saponin (mg/100 g)	6.29 ± 0.01^b	5.06 ± 0.02^d	4.11 ± 0.01^e	3.43 ± 0.01^g	6.81 ± 0.03^a	5.34 ± 0.05^c	4.02 ± 0.07^e	3.69 ± 0.04^f
Mineral composition
Calcium (mg/100 g)	32.53 ± 0.11^e	33.90 ± 0.14^d	36.32 ± 0.08^b	37.25 ± 0.06^a	31.48 ± 0.11^f	33.63 ± 0.15^d	35.02 ± 0.10^c	36.40 ± 0.17^b
Iron (mg/100 g)	3.28 ± 0.01^c	3.46 ± 0.03^c	3.97 ± 0.01^a	4.03 ± 0.02^a	3.17 ± 0.03^d	3.25 ± 0.01^c	3.74 ± 0.01^b	3.61 ± 0.01^b
Magnesium (mg/100 g)	148.41 ± 0.10^g	158.20 ± 0.11^e	173.53 ± 0.19^c	185.80 ± 0.13^a	148.63 ± 0.47^g	157.91 ± 0.23^f	170.33 ± 0.54^d	183.10 ± 0.27^b
Potassium (mg/100 g)	267.25 ± 0.93^f	269.08 ± 1.17^e	296.61 ± 1.02^b	320.57 ± 1.20^a	252.80 ± 1.13^h	263.47 ± 1.06^g	285.50 ± 1.19^d	294.68 ± 1.10^c
Phosphorus (mg/100 g)	218.47 ± 1.06^f	226.92 ± 1.32^e	278.30 ± 1.27^b	294.62 ± 1.33^a	225.44 ± 1.26^e	236.18 ± 1.10^d	264.61 ± 1.10^c	277.13 ± 1.05^b
Sodium (mg/100 g)	1.30 ± 0.00^a	1.25 ± 0.00^a	1.13 ± 0.01^b	1.02 ± 0.01^c	1.37 ± 0.01^a	1.34 ± 0.01^a	1.22 ± 0.01^b	1.13 ± 0.01^b
Zinc (mg/100 g)	2.26 ± 0.00^d	2.41 ± 0.02^c	2.60 ± 0.03^b	2.88 ± 0.05^a	2.15 ± 0.01^d	2.29 ± 0.01^d	2.41 ± 0.01^c	2.65 ± 0.01^b
Antioxidant activity
TPC (mg/GAE/100g)	19.10 ± 0.15^g	28.45 ± 0.12^e	63.90 ± 0.17^c	75.88 ± 0.14^a	18.43 ± 0.11^h	25.77 ± 0.19^f	54.68 ± 0.26^d	69.90 ± 0.31^b
DPPH (μmol TE/100g)	53.62 ± 0.28^g	72.77 ± 0.33^e	86.23 ± 0.14^c	95.57 ± 0.19^a	51.86 ± 0.16^h	68.25 ± 0.12^f	83.19 ± 0.14^d	92.53 ± 0.10^b
ORAC (μM TE/100 g)	3113.60 ± 6.07^g	3269.16 ± 10^e	3581.83 ± 8.05^c	3704.10 ± 7.42^a	3062.55 ± 14.28^h	3310.47 ± 13.06^f	3490.66 ± 12.19^d	3678.20 ± 13.41^b

Mean ± standard deviation, n = 3. Values followed by the same letters in the same row are not significantly (p ≥ 0.05). TPC = Total phenolic content; DPPH = 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil radical scavenging activity; ORAC = Oxygen radical absorbance capacity.