Table 3.

Comparison of differences among variables by demographic dimensions (N = 676).

Variables		Teacher support (M ± SD)	Procrastination behavior (M ± SD)	Interpersonal assistance (M ± SD)	Positive emotions (M ± SD)
Gender	(1) Male	3.407 ± 0.825	2.364 ± 0.852	3.071 ± 0.930	3.243 ± 0.898
	(2) Female	3.124 ± 0.752	2.854 ± 0.747	3.655 ± 0.791	3.143 ± 0.674
t		1.939	−3.377	−3.793	0.759
sig		0.586	0.485	0.378	0.164
Only child in family	(1) Yes	3.122 ± 0.775	2.855 ± 0.786	3.650 ± 0.792	3.158 ± 0.722
	(2) No	3.143 ± 0.748	2.823 ± 0.743	3.621 ± 0.813	3.141 ± 0.664
t		−0.347	0.507	0.445	0.296
sig		0.545	0.562	0.799	0.331
Residence	(1) Rural	3.167 ± 0.724	2.785 ± 0.678	3.632 ± 0.762	3.184 ± 0.646
	(2) Township	3.103 ± 0.833	2.831 ± 0.865	3.597 ± 0.847	3.060 ± 0.706
	(3) Urban	3.118 ± 0.729	2.921 ± 0.760	3.666 ± 0.833	3.175 ± 0.720
F		0.500	1.955	0.342	2.173
sig		0.607	0.143	0.710	0.115
Hindsight comparison		–	–	–	–
Origin types	(1) NUEC	3.108 ± 0.741	2.892 ± 0.812	3.678 ± 0.867	3.156 ± 0.655
	(2) Individual examination	3.157 ± 0.732	2.822 ± 0.718	3.588 ± 0.797	3.168 ± 0.663
	(3) Five-year system	3.142 ± 0.818	2.775 ± 0.739	3.634 ± 0.729	3.102 ± 0.754
F		0.277	1.249	0.732	0.521
sig		0.758	0.288	0.482	0.594
Hindsight comparison		–	–	–	–